<h3>如何避免说中式英语--养成用英语来思维</h3><div class="text">2006-06-30 09:47:58　来源: <a href="http://education.163.com/06/0630/09/2KRUAA6R00291ONE.html#" target="_blank">中国翻译资源网</a>　 <a class="cDRed" href="javascript:reply_allReply()" target="_self">网友评论 <span class="cDRed" id="replycounttop">0</span> 条</a> <a href="http://bbs.education.163.com/">进入论坛</a></div><div id="endText"><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">现实生活中，不少英语学习者发现在交际过程中有时不能很好表达自己的思想或理解别人的情感，会说出闹不少笑话的Chinglish (中国式英语)—而且这词儿已经能上英语世界2005年度的热词榜前十大了！怎样才能避免这种情况呢？以下几点供你参考。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"><strong>一、要了解西方国家的文化和风土人情强调了解中西文化差异才能使交际有效<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"></p></strong></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">如：Jack is a green hand at doing this work. (杰克做这种工作没有经验)这里“green hand”意思是“生手”、“没有经验”，而不是“绿色的手”之意。England是个岛国，船是重要交通工具，为保养船只，常用与海水一样的绿色油漆来漆船。一个不熟练的油漆工，工作时常会双手粘满油漆。了解了这一背景，“green hand”之意就不喻自明。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">又如：Smith can do nothing in the company because he is just a small potato there. (史密斯在这家公司起不了什么作用，因为他在那里是个小人物)“a small potato”是“小人物”之意，而非"小土豆"的意思。只有了解西方文化，才会理解这种修辞的意义。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"><strong>二、要学会在适当语言环境中使用适当的语言<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"></p></strong></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">语言环境在很大程度上制约着用词。要注意在不同的语言环境中使用适合上下文的词，使思想连贯、内容完整。如：在西方，医生看到病人常问? “How do you feel” “What's wrong”看到病人脸色不好，会说：“You look pale.”或问：“Do you sleep well”而不说：“How are you”（你好吗？)那是西方人见面时相互寒暄的用法，并不是真的询问别人的身体状况。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">当看到"好"字，就十分自然联想起英语里的“good”或“well”，但我们更要研究其深层涵义，即在特定语境中“好”字的内涵和外延，如：Put on your coat before going out.(外出前，穿好外衣)Tom is a yes - person.(汤姆是个好好先生)If the matter isn't dealt with properly : you'll get into trouble.(如果这桩事没有很好处理，你会陷入困境)</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">Oh: some one is injured.(不好，有人受伤了)</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"><strong>三、要学会判断交际时哪些语言形式可接受，哪些不可接受。</strong></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">我们常会给对方提建议，提建议的目的是让别人接受我们的建议。当然，对方是否接受我们的建议取决于与对方关系和建议的可行性，但是要避免使用带有命令口气的词语和方式。如：“Is groups you ( not)to do sth.….”，“You must／should…”等，而用婉转语气，恰当的语言都会在很大程度上影响对方接受建议与否。如：“Why don't you…?”，“Why not…?”，“You'd better….”“Do you think…?”等。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">Why don't you／Why not spend more money on books?(为什么不在书上多花些钱？)</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">You'd better do your homework all by yourself.(你最好独立完成作业)</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">Don't you think smoking too much is harmful to your health? (难道你没有想过抽烟太多有害你的健康吗？)</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"><strong>四、要养成用英语来思维</strong></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">英汉两种语言差异较大，用汉语思维模式来取代英语思维模式，往往会逐字理解、对释，这种一一对应的错误模式违反了英语表达规律。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">如：(错)Today is very close.(今天天气很闷)英语语法中表示天气时间和距离，常用it做主语。(正)It is very close today.</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">又如：(错)Sorry: I forget my dictionary at home. (对不起，我把字典忘在家里了)这是按照汉语的字面意思来表达，动词“forget”在表示“忘记带某物”时，不与地点状语连用。该句正确表达是“I left my dictionary at home.”</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;">个人建议: 如果用词典的话最好用英英词典,英英词典都是用最常用最简单的词汇来解释说明这个单词的,我们在理解单词的基础上,又潜移默化的培养出了让我们的英语思维的习惯.</p></div>

<p>Much as I hate to say this, but I have to do so because it is true. One way of avoiding speaking and writing in "Chinglish" is to avoid learning from some of the questionable teaching materials found on some "Learn English" sites in China. Yes, there are good materials around, but there are some which I woud considered as misleading at best, and downright damaging at worst.</p><p>&nbsplease read: <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">误导学者的英语学习资料</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span>&nbsp; www3.sympatico.ca/d.stephen/badteachingmaterial.htm</p><p>and 网上各英语园地与英语学习,翻译, 有关的好文章/贴子 (常见，不常见或是独一无二) http://www3.sympatico.ca/d.stephen/articles.htm</p><p>Some&nbsp;of the most damaging articles are the ones that advertise "must read"/"must memorize." Even some of the "sample essays" coming out of big-name tutorial schools have typical Chinglish in them: "cannot" becomes "can not"(*), "nature" becomes "the nature","Catholicism" becomes "Catholicity", and "cars run on gasoline(petrol)" becomes "cars run on oil." (When it comes to cars, "oil" means "lubricating oil.")</p><p>(* Cannot is one word, not two.&nbsp;<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=11&amp;ID=17484</span></p><p>&nbsp; For your interest, here is a large collection of "Chinglish" and their correction. Some of the material are reprinted, and some are written by myself.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;">中式英語收集及修改.<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=11&amp;ID=10928&amp;page=1">http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=11&amp;ID=10928&amp;page=1</a><p></p></span></p><p>Here is a useful book that you can read: A Translator's Guide to Chinglish by Joan Pinkham. You can read a detailed review written by me at: <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;">Book Review:The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish中式英語之鑒 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=11&amp;id=10702">http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=11&amp;id=10702</a></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;">==</span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;">&nbsp;My philosophy of avoiding developing Chinglish is to learn first hand from good articles written by native speakers. I have been running a series on "Selected Readings"&nbsp; at both the Diandian net and Rainlane:</span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;">有帮助写作的短段精读,&nbsp;不断加新)<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=8&amp;ID=15724&amp;page=1">http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=8&amp;ID=15724&amp;page=1</a><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;">Newspaper headline 从报纸上的标题学词句做句子&nbsp;Headlines collected&nbsp;from North American newspapers. Sample sentences written by Yeti<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=11&amp;id=20845"><font face="Times New Roman">http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=11&amp;id=20845</font></a><p></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">And for translators wannabees, the best way to learn how to translate is by way of examples: <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;">从实例学写或翻译公司简介及其它翻译例子<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>1-20 Selected,compiled and annotated by Yeti </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=11&amp;ID=18461">http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=11&amp;ID=18461</a></span></font></p></span>