The Seeds of Wrath
The world knows a great deal about apartheid. It knows it as a repressive political system which denies political representation to 14,000,000 South Africans because they are not white; it knows it as a divisive social system which keeps people apart, dividing them on colour lines and punishing those who try to cross these lines. But the effects of apartheid in term of social behaviour and on cultural development are less well known.
To understand the effects of apartheid it is necessary to think of the daily lives of the people and the ways in which their lives are regulated by apartheid.
It means standing for hours in a bus-queue, because there are too few buses specially set asid for black people; it means having to pass theatres and swimming pools with no thought of ever entering them, because they are set aside for white people; and because the restrictions extend to the thoughts people think, and because the laws apply to both black and white, it means that all people in South Africa are denied the right to read certain books because the government believes them to be subversive of its apartheid society.
Apartheid means that sporsmen like Basil D'Oliviera, Steve Makone, and Precious Mackenzie could never represent their own country because they were not white; that singers and actors like Miriam Makeba and Lionel Ngamane would be restricted because of their colour to appearing in certain places and before certain audiences - a coloured cast could perfor Verdi's "La Traviata" but no nonwhites could attend a performance before the State President.
The list of restrictions is endless - these are only a few small examples. But what they add up to is a division which breeds hostility. At sports events, if white and black are present, they support opposing sides and the result is friction - so much so that in many grounds only whites are allowed.
It is illegal for white and black to play chess together. And whites who tried to play football in a team with black members were prosecuted.
And in a society where these ugly barriers exist, it is better to pretend that they are not there. The result is that the writers and poets of white South Africa are incapable of producing any work which truthfully reflects their society; and so deep has this kind of blindness entered that no work of any real worth has been produced in South Africa for many years.
Perhaps one might expect the writers among the blacks, in a situation full of tension and pain, to produce works which live. But for them apartheid presents another problem; to be frank is to be banned. And so writers like Alex la Guma were silenced by banning orders, or others, like Alfred Hutchinson and Bloke Modisane fled the country. For Nat Nakasa the pledge he was required to sign - to leave his country and never return proved too much; he committed suicide in New York.
Even white writers - Andre Brink, for instance - who have dared to criticise, or appear to criticise, the apartheid society have suffered. Their works have been banned, or they have been savagely attacked by the official spokesmen of apartheid.
The failure of writers to write, or of people to understand each other - all these are indications of the deeper evil; the failure of communication. But what is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure legislated for. It is a failure which has been carefully designed.
It is the intention of those who have constructed the apartheid society, and who intend that it should last forever, that those who make up the society should be prevented from communicating with each other. Black and white must be cut off from each other, must be unable to communicate. It is on this division that apartheid rests. This is the true meaning of apartheid. And it is this that inflicts the true terrible wound on South African society.
But the real damage is in daily human relations. I have seen white children standing in one of the mixed buses rather than sit beside anyone who was not white and this seems to me so complete a rejection of another human person that it goes much further than the division and separation backed by law. From this kind of rejection comes a complete lack of any feeling of common humanity; the suffering of human being ceases to be real because he has ceased to be a real human being.
This is the situation which has been created in South Africa today. The tensions are real, the threat of a violent eruption constant. And this must not be thought of simply as the product of political factors or arguments. It is a simple truth that human relations between people have deteriorated so far that dialogue, understanding, friendship - all these are impossible.
This is the effect of apartheid in terms of the society - this is its all pervasive extent: it breeds, if it breeds anything, hostility: often the result is simply the bitter sterility which will bring about violence。
译文：
愤怒的种子
世人对种族隔离了解甚多。知道它是一种镇压性政治制度，在这种制度下，1，400万南非人因为不是白人而被否认为政治代表；人们还知道它是一种使人们隔开的政治制度，它按肤色的界限把人们分开，并惩罚那些试图越过那些界限的人。但人们对种族隔离就社会行为而言造成的影响所知甚少。
要理解种族隔离的影响，有必要思考一下人们的日常工作以及他们在种族隔离制度制约下的生活方式。
这意味着站几个小时等车，因为黑人乘坐的汽车太少了；意味着在不得不经过剧场和游泳池时，却从没想到要进去，因为它们是给白人准备的；因为这些限制已经延伸到人们思维之中，因为法律适用于白人和黑人，它意味着所有南非人没有阅读某些书的权利，因为政府认为他们会对种族隔离政策起破坏作用。
种族隔离意味着因为不是白人，像贝兹尔·戴里维尔拉、史蒂夫·马孔和普莱舍斯·麦肯齐这样的运动员根本不能代表自己的祖国参加比赛。因为肤色只能出现在一定场合和一定观众面前，像米亚姆·马齐巴和莱昂纳尔·恩卡纳这样的歌唱家和演员的演出就会爱到限制。一个有色人剧组可以上演威尔第的《茶花女》，但只要不是白人，就不能先于国家总统观看演出。
这种限制不胜枚举--这里只是几个小小的例子。但它们合起来就是一个产生敌意的隔离。在体育赛事中，如果白人和黑人都在场，他们会支持各自一方，结果就会发生磨擦--这种磨擦如此之在以至于有些场地只允许白人进入。
白人和黑人一块下棋是非法的，试图在有黑人的球员的球队踢足球的白人会受到指控。
在这些丑陋的障碍存在的社会里，最好是佯装不知它的存在。这样做的结果是南非白人作家和诗人不能创作出真实反映其社会生活的作品，这种视而不见对人们生活的影响如此之大以至于多年来南非就根本没有过真正有价值的作品。
或许有些人期盼处于紧张和痛苦之中的黑人作家们会创作出反映其真实生活的作品，但对他们而言，种族隔离带来另一个问题：坦率是被严禁的。所以像亚历克斯·拉顾玛这样一些作家都因禁令而保持缄默。或者像其他作家如阿尔弗雷德·哈奇逊和布娄可·莫狄森逃往国外。证明更为过分的是纳特·纳卡萨，他被迫发誓离开他的祖国，永不回来，结果在纽约自杀了。
即使像安德烈·布林可这样的白人作家们，他们敢于批评或者似乎要去批评隔离社会也遭到了不幸。他们的作品被禁止，他们受到了种族隔离官方发言人的猛烈攻击。
作家不能写作，人民不能相互理解--所有这些都是很深的罪恶迹象，是不能交流的迹象，但外部世界几乎不能理解的是这是有预谋的失败。
这是那些建立种族隔离社会的人们的意图，是那些企图让种族隔离永久存在，并且阻止组成这个社会的人们之间的相互交流的人们的意图，也正是南非社会所遭受的真正可怕的创伤。
但真正的破坏是在日常的人际关系上。我见到过一辆黑人白人混合乘坐的公共汽车上，白人小孩情愿站着也不愿坐在任何一个有色人旁边。我个人认为如此彻底与另一个种族的人对立起来，似乎比法律意义上的分离或隔离更甚一筹。这种对立带来的是一种共同人性的感情匮乏。人类的苦难不再是真的，因为他已不再是真正意义上的人。
这就是现今的南非造成的情况。紧张是真的，暴力的威胁经常不断。这不能简单地认为是政治因素或政治争论的产物。一个简单地事实是人们的关系已经十分恶化，以至于对话、理解、友谊--所有的这些都不可能了。
这种种族隔离在社会方面的影响--这种影响的触角无所不在。如果说它还能繁衍什么，那就是仇视，其结果不过是痛苦的思想贫乏，而这往往又会带来暴力。
课文讲解：
一、单词解释
1. deny v. 否定、否认、不给予：I denied him what he asked. 我拒绝给他所要求的东西。
2. breed
1)v.繁殖、养殖、培育、产生、教养、培养:Many farmers breed calves and sheep. 很多农场养殖奶牛和绵羊。
He is a well-bred boy.他是个有教养的孩子。
2)n.品种（可数名词）:Their breed has been greatly improved. 他们的品种得到极大的改良。
3.cease
1)v.停止： The experiments had ceased.试验已经停止了。
He realized that he had ceased to think so.他意识到他已不这样想了。
2）n.停止、终止： We must work like that without cease. 我们必须不断地像那样工作。
4. apply v.
1)申请：I have applied for a passport.我已经申请了护照。
2）运用、应用： Students should apply what they learn in class to practice.
3)适用： The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶的原则适用于每个人。
二、课文解析。
1. But the effects of apartheid in terms of social behavior and on cultural development are less well known.但种族隔离就社会行为而言造成的影响及其对文化发展的影响就不太为人所知。
1）in terms of在这里的意思是“从。。。。的角度、就。。。。而言”，例如： Applicants for the typists job will be judged in terms of accuracy as well as speed。 要从速度和准确两个方面考察应聘打字员工作的应聘者。
2）on cultural development中的介词on是与主语effects 搭配的，即,effect on something.
2。To understand the effects of aparthed it si necessary to think of the daily lives of the people and the ways in which their lives are regulated by apartheid.要理解种族隔离的影响，有必要思考一下人们的日常工作以及他们在种族隔离制度制约下的生活方式。
1）To understand the effects of apartheid 是动词不定式短语，在句子中做表示目的的状语。
2）it is necessary to think…中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to think…
3)in which their lives are regulated by apartheid 是定语从句，修饰the ways,此处的介词in 不能用其他介词替代，因为它是与the ways 固定搭配的，即，in the way(用/以…的方式）
3.It means standing for hours in a bus-queue, because there are too few buses…这意味着站几个小时等车，因为黑人乘坐的汽车太少了…
1)课文的整个的三段是由几个分词构成的一个句子。在第一分句（ It means standing …for black people)和第二个分句（it means having to …for white people)中，每个分词均含有一个表示原因的状语从句（because…),这个状语从句放在了主句的后面，对整个主句进行修饰；而第三个分句（and because the restrictions extend to… of its apartheid society)中有三个表示原因的状语从句，其中两个（and because…., and because..）放在了主句的前面，修饰整个主句；而第三个状语从句（because the government believes…)则放在了主句的后面。
2）在第一个分句中状语从句中，specially set aside for black people 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰buses.
3)第三个分句的第一个状语从句中people think是定语从句，修饰the thoughts；主句中it means 的宾语是由that 引导的定语从句充当宾语；to read 是动词不定式作定语，修饰the right.
4.Apartheid means that sportsmen like Basil Doliviera,Steve Makone, and precious Mackenzie could never represent their own country because they were not white;that singers and actors like… 种族隔离意味着因为不是白人，像贝兹尔.戴里维尔拉、史蒂夫.马孔和普莱舍斯.麦肯齐这样的运动员根本不能代表自己的祖国参加比赛，….
整个第四段是一个复合句，主句的谓语动词后面有两个宾语从句1)that sportsmen like …. 2)that singers and actors like …. 破折号引导的句子相当于表示原因的状语从句。
5. The result is that the writers and poet of white South Afirca are incapable of producing any work which truthrully reflects their society;and so deep has this kind of blindness entered that no work of any real worth has been produced in South Africa from many years.这样做的结果是南非白人作家和诗人不能创作出真实反映他们社会生活的作品，而这种视而不见的情况对人们影响之大以至于多年来南非根本就没有产生过真正有价值的作品。
1）句子中的第一个that 引导的是一个表语从句
2）分号后面的句子and so deep has this kind of blindness entered that no work… 是一个倒装句，正常语序应该是and this kind of blindness has entered so deep that…倒装的目的是为了保持句子平衡，同时也加强了语气，强调这种blindness对人们生活影响之深。
6.Even white writers- Andre Brink, for instance -- who have dared to criticize, or appeared to criticise, the apartheid society have suffered. 甚至敢于批评或似乎要去批评种族隔离的白人作家也遭受了不幸，安德烈.布林克就是个例子。
1）句子中“Andre Brink, for instance ”是一个插入语，对white writers举例说明。
2）who have dared to criticize ,or appeared to criticize, the apartheid society have suffered 是定语从句，修饰white writers.
3)the apartheid society have suffered 是宾语从句，充当criticize的宾语。
4）appear 的意思是“似乎、显得”。
7. It is the intention of those who have constructed the apartheid society, and who intend that it should last forever, that those who make up society should be prvented from communicating with each other.这是那些建立种族隔离社会的人们的意图，他们企图让种族隔离永久存在，并且阻止组成这个社会的人们之间的相互交流。
这个句子的主体是It is the intention of those, 关系代词who 引导的是两个定语从句，修饰those;在第二个定语从句，that it should last forever和that those who make up society should be prevented form…是两个宾语从句，作动词intend的宾语； 在第二个宾语从句中，又有一个定语从句！Who make up society)，修饰those.无论多复杂的句子，只要从句子成份着手，就不难读懂。
8.I have seen white children standing in one of the mixed buses rather than sit beside anyone who was not white and this seems to me so complete a rejecton of another human person that it goes much further than the division and separation backed by law.我见到过在一辆黑人白人混乘的公共汽车上，白人小孩情愿站着，也不愿坐在任何一个有色人旁边，我个人认为如此彻底与了一个种族的人对立起来，似乎比法律意义上的分离或隔离更甚一筹
1）此句是一个并列句，第一个分句是I have seen …who was not white 第二个分句是this seems to me so complete …这两个分句由连接词and连接。
2）在第一个分句中，动词see 后面的children是该动词的宾语，standing in 作动词see的宾语补足语。Rather than 的意思是“宁愿，而不”后面往往直接用动词原型。
3）第二个分句中的this指的是第一个分句中的情况，即“白人小孩宁愿站着也不愿坐在有色人种旁。 |
|
