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4.陈述句式一般读降调,用以陈述事实。若读升调,往往表示对所说事情的怀疑。如: She lent him her car.(↙)(用以陈述事 实) She lent him her car?(↗)(表示惊奇、的怀疑,含有“Did she really lend her car to him ?”之意。)
12)M:I started driving at 8:00yesterday and arrived here at 5:30 this morning. W:You drove all night?(↗) Q:What does the woman mean? [A]Night driving can be dangerous. [B]You shouldn't have driven during the night. [C]Why don't you drive all night? [D]Did you really drive all night? 答案为D。 5.有些一般疑问句的句式读作降调,实际上表示感叹。如:Hasn't she grown!(↙)这句话实则表示:她长得多快! 请看下面的试题: 13)M:Wasn't Sam's speech great!(↙) W:Are you serious? Q:What does the man say about Sam's speech? [A]Sam's speech wasn't great,was it? [B]Sam's speech was great,wasn't it? [C]Sam gave a serious speech. [D]Sam was not serious. 答案为B。 这里顺便说一下,问句不表示疑问的另一种情况:当一方提出一个问题,而另一方用问句作为回答时,这个问句有时是不需要回答的,而实际上相当于陈述句,但别有意味。如: 14)A:Are you going to watch TV again? B:What else is there to do?(↗) B反问A一个问题“What else is there to do?”,意思是:(除了看电视)还有什么好干的呢? 因此,对下面的问题就不难回答了。 15)M:Do you think Petty is qualified to do the job? W:If Petty is not,who is?(↗) Q:What does the woman mean?(C) [A]Petty is not qualified for the job. [B]Nobody is qualified for the job. [C]Petty is well qualified for the job. [D]Allexcept Petty are qualified for the job. 有些一般疑问句句式也不需要回答,其功能也相当于陈述句,但肯定结构表否定,否定结构表肯定,而且传递了说话人浓烈的情绪。如: 16)W:Haven't you got anything better to do?(↗) M:Ok,Mum ,I'll turn off the TV and begin to do my homework. 显然,妈妈的意思是责备儿子不应该看电视,而应该做比看电视更有益的事——也就是说,妈妈认为儿子有更好的事可做。而对话中,儿子当然也明白妈妈的意思,因此说要关掉电视,开始做功课。再如: 17)M:I've observed you for ten minutes.What have you been doing? W:Are you blind?(↗) Q:What can be inferred about the woman's attitude toward the man?(B) [A]Polite. [B]Unfriendly. [C]Indifferent. [D]Cautious. 女士用肯定结构的一般疑问句说“Are you blind?”,意思是说“你不是瞎子,难道看不见吗?”故而可知,女士不太友善。 总而言之,只要英语学习者内心树立了对语调的重视意识,培养起敏感的感知能力和反应能力,经过多年的英语学习和积累,再加上我们从母语中获得的语调知识,我们肯定能成功应付语调的问题。而在听力考试中,除了我们能听得到的说话人的语音特征,如语速、的绝对调高、的语调范围及语调之外,辅之以词汇意义、的上下文线索、的四个选项所圈定的范围等,选出正确的选项应该不是一个困难的问题。 西安交通大学 杜丽霞 |
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