<p></p><p>&nbsp;英语动词时态<br/>Tenses<br/>英语时态是英语语法中的第一首难关，攻下此难关是作文、阅读、口语之关键。汉语用不同词表达相应时态，而英语用同一词的不同变化形式表达时态。<br/>英语各种时态构成表：以play为例：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一般时态&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 进行时态&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 完成时态&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 完成进行时态&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>现在&nbsp;play&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; has&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;has&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;plays&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;am playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; have played&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; have been playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;are&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>过去&nbsp;played&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; was&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; had played&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;had been playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; were playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>将来&nbsp;shall&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; shall&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; shall&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; shall&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; will play&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; will be playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;will have played&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; will have been playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>过去&nbsp;&nbsp; should&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; should&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; should&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; should&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>将来&nbsp;would play&nbsp;&nbsp; would be playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; would have played&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; would have been playing&nbsp; <br/></p><p>二、一般现在时：<br/>构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。<br/>(1)&nbsp; 直接加 “s”，works, takes<br/>(2)&nbsp; 以辅音加 “y” 结尾，变 “y” 为 “i”, 再加 “es” <br/>carry&nbsp; → carries<br/>(3)&nbsp; 以 “o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”<br/>goes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; dresses&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; watches&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; brushes <br/>功能：<br/>(1)&nbsp; 表现在的事实、状态或动作：<br/>eg：&Oslash;. Birds fly.&nbsp; <br/>&Oslash;. She loves music.<br/>&Oslash;. Mary’s parents get up very early.<br/>(2)&nbsp; 表习惯性动作或职业，常与 often, sometimes, usually, always, every week, seldom, occasionally, frequently 等时间副词连用。<br/>eg：&Oslash;. I always take a walk after supper.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. She writes to me very often.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picenic occasionally.<br/>(3)&nbsp; 表客观真理，格言警句或事实：<br/>&Oslash;. The earth moves round the sun.<br/>&Oslash;. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.<br/>&Oslash;. Two and two makes four.<br/>&Oslash;. No man but errs. 人非圣贤，熟能无过。</p><p>(4)&nbsp; 表将来：<br/>&nbsp;A.&nbsp; 在由 when, after, before, as, as soon as, although, because, if, even if, in case, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。 （黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！）<br/>例如：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. I’ll tell her when she comes tomorrow.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Even if it rains this afternoon, I’ll meet you.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. （不错的句型，背下！！）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. I’ll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.&nbsp; （很感人的句型！）<br/>&nbsp;B. 按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The play begins at 6:30 this evening.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. When does the plane take off?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He leaves for that city next week.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. According to the timetable, the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning. （按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。）<br/>测试精编：<br/>1. The Browns _______ a nice car and brown’s brother _______ a nice jeep.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. have/have&nbsp;&nbsp; B. has/has&nbsp;&nbsp; C. have/has&nbsp;&nbsp; D. has/have<br/>2. If their house _______ not like ours, what _______ it look like?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is/is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. is/does&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. does/does&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. does/is<br/>3. _______ you think he will come?<br/>&nbsp; If it _______ tomorrow, he will not come.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. Do/rains&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. Are/rains&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. do/will rain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. Are/will rain<br/>4. The little child _______ not even know that the moon _______ around the earth.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. do/move&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. do/moves&nbsp;&nbsp; C. does/moves&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. did/moved<br/>5. Many a student _______ fond of films, but a good student seldom _______ to the cinema.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. are/goes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. is/goes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. are/go&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. is/go</p><p>二、现在进行时： is/am/are +现在分词<br/>1. 表示现在正在进行的动作。如<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The kettle is boiling. Shall I make tea?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Don’t you think you eat too much? You’re putting on weight. (体重增加)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The workers are building a new bridge across the reiver.<br/>2. 表示现阶段正进行的动作。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He is taking physics this semester. （本学期）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. We are preparing for our final examination this week.<br/>3.&nbsp; go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc. 用于进行时态时表示&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 即将开始的动作。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Look! The bus is coming. 看！车来了！<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother.<br/>4. 与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He is always thinking of others.（他总是想着别人。）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The boy is continually making noises. （这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late. （老师一直在批评她迟到。）<br/>5. 下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。<br/>（此条戒律请背10遍！！！）<br/>believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），see（看见），hear（听见），know（知道）<br/>understand（理解），belong（属于），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得）<br/>look（看起来），seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），have（有）<br/>sound （听起来），taste（尝起来），require（要求），possess（拥有），care（关心）<br/>like（喜欢），hate （讨厌），love（喜爱），detest（憎恨），desire（意欲）<br/>【简单记忆】：<br/>&nbsp; ●&nbsp; 永远不要说 I’m believing…或 He is seeing a house. 再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加 –ing.<br/>●&nbsp; 可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！<br/>●&nbsp; 注意：have a party / think about 可以用进行时，因为这里have 意为“举行”；think 意为“考虑”。<br/>测试精编：<br/>1. How can you _______ if you are not _______?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. listening/hearing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. hear/listening<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. be listening/heard&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. be hearing/listening to<br/>2. The girl even won’t have her lunch before she _______ her homework.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. will finish&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. is finishing<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had finished&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. finishes<br/>3. Those who have applied for the post（职位）_______ in the office. （此题超前）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. are being interviewed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. are interviewing<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. interviewing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. to be interviewing<br/>4. The old scientist _______ to do more for the country.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is wishing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. has been wishing<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. wishes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. has been wished<br/>5. If he _______, don’t wake him up.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. still sleeps&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. is still sleeping<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. still has been sleeping&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. will be sleeping still<br/>&nbsp;</p>

<p>三、一般过去时。定义动词的过去式：<br/>1. 表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. We visited the school last spring.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. I went to school by bike when I was in middle school.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. China was founded in 1949.<br/>2. 表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。（参）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. They would not lave until she came back.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. My friend promised to marry me once she made her final decision.<br/>3. 一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：（别以为这很简单，下面的差异你不一定明白。）●&nbsp;&nbsp; Her brother was a chemist. （已去世）<br/>●&nbsp;&nbsp; Her brother is a chemist. （尚健在）</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp; That’s all I had to say. （话已说完）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp; That’s all I have to say. （言之未尽）</p><p>●&nbsp; It was so nice to see you. （离别时用）<br/>●&nbsp; It is so nice to see you. （见面时用）</p><p>●&nbsp; Jane did a lot of work this morning. （已是当天下午或晚上）<br/>●&nbsp; Jane has done a lot of work this morning. （仍是上午）[本句现在完成时，此乃后话！]</p><p><br/>测试精编I：（用所给动词的正确形态填空）。<br/>1. Yesterday I _______ (think) that you were not in Beijing.<br/>2. Alice usually _______ (sit) in the front of the classroom, but she _______ (sit) at the back this morning.<br/>3. He _______ (tell) the news to us three days ago.<br/>4. He _______ (begin) to teach Chinese in 1990.<br/>5. She would not telephone me if she _______ (have) no time.<br/>测试精编 II：<br/>1. They _______ the trip until the rain stopped.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. continued&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. didn’t continue<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. hadn’t continued&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. would continue<br/>2. The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food without which they _______ of hunger and cold. (without 在这里表示条件，你知道吗？)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. would die&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. will die&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. would be dead&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. would have died<br/>3. It was not until then that I came to know that the earth _______ around the sun.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. moved&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. has moved&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. will move&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. moves<br/>4. When all those present （到场者）_______ he began his lecture. （重点题)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. sit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. set&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. seated&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. were seated<br/>5. If I had had time, I would have written to you. But in fact _______ not.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. have&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. would have&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. had had</p><p></p><p>四、过去进行时：were/was+现在分词。<br/>1. 表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. When I arrived, they were watching TV.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. They were doing housework this time last week.<br/>2. 用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast.<br/>3. 过去某时将发生的事。 可参考 2(4)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. They told me that they were leaving for New York.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He was going out when I arrived.</p><p>测试精编：<br/>1. My brother _______ while he _______ his bicycle and hurt himself.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. fell/was riding&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. feel/were riding<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had fallen/rode&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. had fallen/was riding<br/>2. He _______ his leg as he _______ in a football match.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. broke/played&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. was breaking/was playing<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. broke/was playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. was breaking/played<br/>3. My father will be here tomorrow.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; I thought that he _______ today<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. was coming&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. is coming<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. will come&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. comes<br/>4. Jcak was going out of the shop when he collided with an old woman who _______ in.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. come&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. was coming&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had been coming&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. had come<br/>5. Michike couldn’t come to the telephone when Mr. Smith called her because she _______ in the lab.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. had been working&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. has been working<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. was working&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. worked</p><p></p><p>五、现在完成时：have/has +过去分词<br/>1. 表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与 yet, just, before, recently, lately（最近），ever, never 等表时间的副词搭配使用。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; He hasn’t seen her lately.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; I haven’t finished the book yet.<br/>2. 表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far （迄今为止），up till now（直到现在），since, for along time（很长时间），up to present（直到现在），in the past/in the last few years（在过去的几年里），these days（目前）… …<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He has worked here for 15 years.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. I have studied English since I came here.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. So far, I haven’t received a single letter from my brother.</p><p>3. 某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 黄金要点：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 常见的非延续动词：die, arrive（到达），join（加入），leave（离开），go, refuse（拒绝），fail（失败），finish, buy, marry, divorce（离婚），awake（醒），borrow ，lend …（背三遍!）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for 引导的时间状语。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; III.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; She has gone away for a month.（误）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She has been away for a month.（正）</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The man has died for two years.（误）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The man has been dead for tow years.（正）</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; How long have you bought the book?（误）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; How long have you got the book.（正）</p><p>4. 注意since 的用法：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. They haven’t had an trouble since they came here.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. It has been ten years since we me last time.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He has been here since 1980.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He has been here since ten years ago.<br/>5. 几组对比：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She has gone. 她已走了。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She is gone. 她缺席了。（or 她死了）</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The door has been closed. 门关上了。（动作）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The door is closed. 门是关着的。（状态）</p><p></p><p>测试精编:<br/>1. The prices _______ going up all the time in the past few years.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. keep&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. kept&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. have kept&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. are keeping<br/>2. For the whole period of two months, there _______ no rain in this area.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. will be&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. has been&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. have been<br/>3. Today is Jane’s wedding day. She _______ John.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. have just married with&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. was just married to<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. has just been married to&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. just has been married to<br/>4. No wonder the flower have withered, they _______ any water for ages.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. hadn’t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. haven’t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. haven’t had&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. hadn’t had<br/>5. Nowadays computer _______ a wide application with the development of production and science.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. found&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. has found&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. finds&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. had found<br/></p>

<p>九、过去将来时： should /would + 动词原形<br/>1. 表示从过去某个时刻看将要发生的动作或状态。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; He said that they would meet me at the station.<br/>2. 此用法常用于间接引语中。</p><p>测试精编：<br/>1. On television last night the newscaster announced that the leader _______ on Saturday.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is arriving&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. will arrive&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. would be arrived&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. would arrive<br/>2. He told us that he would begin the dictation when we _______ ready.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. will be&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. would be&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. were&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. are<br/>3. My aunt _______ to see us, she would be here soon.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is coming&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. was coming&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. came&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. had came<br/>4. They would be given a new house if more _______ the next year.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. will be built&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. would be built&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. are built&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. were built</p><p>十、过去完成进行时：had been + 现在分词<br/>表过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in.<br/>比较：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The girl had cleaned up the room, so it was tidy.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The girl had been clearing up the room, so we had to wait outside.<br/>测试精编：<br/>1. It _______ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. was raining&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. would be raining&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had been raining&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. has rained<br/>2. He told us that he _______ there since 1982.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. has been living&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. had been living&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. would have lived&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. was living<br/>3. He had been learning English for 3 years before he came here and _______ now.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is still learning&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. had been learning<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. was still learning&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. has been learning<br/>4. By the end of last week, he _______ in the company for 10 years.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. had worked&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. had been working<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. will have worked&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. would have worked<br/>5. Not until then did people know that he _______ important military information to the enemy for a long time.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. sold&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. would sell&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had sold&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. had been selling</p><p>十一、将来进行时：shall/will be + 现在分词<br/>1. 表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作:<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. What will you be doing this time tomorrow?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 〖比较：〗<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Tom won’t cut the grass because he is afraid of being tired.（说明意图）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Tom won’t be cutting the grass.（无意图、仅陈述事实）<br/>2. 用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显礼貌。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. Will you be having supper with us this evening?</p><p>3. 将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. She will be arriving at Shanghai tomorrow morning.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. The car will be going at the speed of 100 miles an hour.</p><p>十二、 过去将来进行时：should/would be + 现在分词<br/>表示过去某时看将来某时正在进行的动作。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He asked me what I should be doing when he came the next day.</p><p>测试精编：<br/>1. Tomorrow, I _______ the book all morning.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. am reading&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. will be reading&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. will read&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. have read<br/>2. “Can you attend the meeting tonight?”<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; “No,&nbsp; _______ the manager about something urgent.”<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. I see&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. I’ll have seen&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. I’ll be seeing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. I can see<br/>3. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people _______ long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. will the live&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. they will be living&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. will live&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. living<br/>4. He told us that he _______ visiting Japan by this time next year.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. will be&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. would be&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. was&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. is<br/>5. It _______ when you wake up tomorrow morning.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is snowing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. will snow&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. will be snowing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. snows</p><p>十三、将来完成时： shall/ will have + 过去分词<br/>表示将来某时之前已完成的动作。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. They will have been here for 5years next Friday.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. By the en of next term, the students will have finished the book.<br/>十四、过去将来完成时： would/should have + 过去分词<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前已经完成的动作。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. He said that they would have arrived by seven o’clock.<br/>十五、将来完成进行时：shall/will have been + 现在分词<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 表示某一动作将继续到将来某时，且该动作此时尚未发生。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. We shall have been staying here for four weeks when tom arrives.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. It will have been raining for a week if it does not stop tomorrow.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [注: 此句型过于复杂，人们很少运用，了解而已。]</p><p>单项自测题（综合训练）<br/>1. Simple photographic lenses can’t _______ sharp, undistorted images over a wide field.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. to form&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. are formed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. forming&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. form<br/>2. Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one _______the most.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. it influences farmers&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. that influences farmers<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. farmers that it influences&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. why farmers influence it<br/>3. By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at which _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is a storm moving&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. a storm is moving<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. is moving a storm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. a moving storm<br/>4. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, _______ out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. operates&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. is operating&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. has operated&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. operating<br/>5. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. the least studied&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. study the least<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. study less and less&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. to study the less<br/>6. During an eclipse of the sun, _______ in the shadow of the moon.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. the Earth lies&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. the Earth when lying<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. that the Earth lies&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. the lying Earth<br/>7. The photo periodic response of algae actually depends on the duration darkness, _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. the light is not on&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. and not on light<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. but is not on the light&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. is not on light<br/>8. The wallflower _______ because its weak stems often grow on walls and along strong cliffs for support.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. so called is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. so is called&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. is so called&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. called is so<br/>9. Because of its importance in modern living, _______ in all parts of the world.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. algebra is studied in schools and colleges<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. studying algebra in schools and colleges<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. and the study of algebra in schools and colleges<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. in schools and colleges are algebra studies<br/>10. Sociologists have long recognized that social tension _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. elements from group living<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. elements of a normal group life<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. living are a group of elements<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. are normal elements of group life</p><p><br/></p>

good！！不错！顶！

多谢！已经下来了，准备以后看看。

很不错,顶

已经下了转发给别人啦

哇,看得眼都花了

不过非常感谢!!!

i love you thanks

very good!

先下了，有时间细细品

LZ很用心啊^^

好东西。一定得表示感谢了

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!!!!