<p></p><p>第三章 形容词、副词比较级和最高级<br/>Comparative degree &amp; Superlative degree<br/>比较级构成方式：<br/>A. adj/adv + er/est<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; poor → poorer → poorest&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; fast → faster → fastest<br/>B. 词尾e + r/st<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; large → larger → largest&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; fine → finer → finest<br/>C. 重读闭音节中短元音 + 辅音词尾 → 双写辅音词尾 + er/est。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; big → bigger → biggest&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; hot → hotter → hottest<br/>D. 辅音 + y → I + er/est<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; dry → drier → driest&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; angry → angrier → angriest<br/>E. 多音节形容词及副词：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; more + adj/adv&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; most + adj/adv<br/>F. 不规则变化：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; good/well → better → best&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bad/ill → worse → worst<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; many/much → more → most&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; little → less → least<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; late → later → latest<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; late → latter → last<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; far → farther → farthest<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; far → further → furthest<br/>【用法示例】：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 比较级用于二者相比较，由than构成比较状语从句：<br/>(1)<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. He looks stronger than I (do).<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. The climate of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing.<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. My Schoolbag is larger than hers.<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. The book is much more interesting than that one.<br/>(2)<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. It is getting colder and colder.<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. She is becoming more and more beautiful.<br/>笔记要点：两个形容词比较级由and 连在一起，表示“越来越……”<br/>(3)<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. The older we grow, the poorer our memory will be.<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. The earlier we start, the sooner we’ll get there.<br/>笔记要点：这种句型结构表示“越...... 越…… ”<br/>(4)<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. I prefer the cheaper one of the tow books.<br/>&nbsp; &Oslash;. Of the two brothers, he is the cleverer.<br/>笔记要点：二者之比较。而Of the three girls, she is the cleverest. <br/>最高级构成方式：<br/>三者或三者以上进行比较， “the + 形容词/副词est”。<br/>(1) John is the tallest of the three.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; He runs fastest in our class.（副词的最高级the可省略）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; This is the most difficult book I’ve read.<br/>(2) He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.（有than时只用比较级）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; She is younger than all the other students.<br/>测试精编：<br/>1. She is _______ than _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. busier/us&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. busier/we<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. more busy/us&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. more busy/we<br/>2. Jane is _______ than Betty.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. less taller&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. less tallest<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. less tall&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. not as tall<br/>3. John’s record was not so good as _______ in his team.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. all the players&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. any player’s<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. other players&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. any other player’s<br/>4. China is _______ country in the world.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. the third largest&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. the largest third<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. the third large&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. a third largest<br/>5. Shanghai has a larger population than _______ in china.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. any city&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. all the cities&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. any other city&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. all other cities<br/>用所给词的比较级、最高级填空：<br/>1. The window is _______ (narrow) of the two.<br/>2. Where is the _______ (near) bus-stop?<br/>3. He is one of _______ (famous) Politicians.<br/>4. Do you have any _______ (far) questions to ask?<br/>5. Tom drives much _______ (careful) than John.</p><p></p>

<p></p><p>第四章&nbsp; 被动语态<br/>assive Voice<br/>1. 何时运用被动语态：<br/>(1) 强调动作的接受者：America was discovered by Columbus.<br/>(2) 不知谁是动作的执行者：You are wanted on the phone.<br/>(3) 作客观说明：It is said that the meeting has been put off.（经典句型）<br/>2. 主动变被动的基本语法：（说起来容易，掌握起来需要用心！）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (1) 主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (2) 谓语动词变为由 “be + 过去分词” 的形式，配合时态作相应变化。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (3) 主动语态主语置于介词by之后，如无必需，则省略。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (4) 不及物动词没有被动语态。<br/>现在：do (does) → am/is/are + done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We keep the piano in the living-room.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →The piano is kept in the living-room.<br/>过去：did → was/were + done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They built the bridge in 1980.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →The bridge was built in 1980.<br/>将来：shall&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; shall<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; will do →&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; will + be + done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He will read the book tomorrow.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →The book will be read tomorrow.<br/>现在完成：have&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; have<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; has done →&nbsp;&nbsp; has + been + done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We have delivered the newspaper.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →The newspapers have been delivered (by us).<br/>过去完成： had done → had been done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She had seen the film before she came here.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →The film had been seen before she came here.<br/>将来完成： shall&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; shall<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; will have done&nbsp; →&nbsp; will have + been + done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; By the end of this term we shall have finished 80 texts.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →By the end of this term 80 texts will have been finished.<br/>现在进行： am&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; am<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; is doing →&nbsp;&nbsp; is + being + done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; are&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; are<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They are drawing the picture.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →The picture is being drawn by them.<br/>过去进行： was doing → was + being + done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; were&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; were<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He was reviewing their lessons at this moment yesterday.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →Their lessons were being reviewed at this moment yesterday.<br/>情态动词&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; may&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; may<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; can&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; can<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; must&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; must<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; should do →&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; should + be +done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ought to&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ought to <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; used to&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; used to<br/>You must write an article on the subject.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; →An article must be written on the subject.</p><p>测试精编<br/>单项选择：<br/>1. Since the first space mission, many communication satellites _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. was launched&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. are launched<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. have been launched&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. had been launched<br/>2. What kind of advice _______ you?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. has gave&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. was gave&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had been given to&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. has given<br/>3. The slave _______ from morning till night.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. made to work&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. was made working<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. was made worked&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. was made to work<br/>4. The construction of the laboratory _______ by the end of July.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. must be completing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. must complete<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. must have completed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. must have been completed<br/>5. Your proposal _______ by the committee soon.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. is discussed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. has been discussed<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. is going to be discussed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. will have been discussed<br/></p>

<p></p><p>第五章 非谓语动词<br/>一、不定式<br/>1. 定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。<br/>2. 形式：（以do为例）<br/>&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;主动语态&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 被动语态&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>一般时&nbsp;to do&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to do done&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>进行时&nbsp;to be doing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>完成时&nbsp;to have done&nbsp;t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o have been done&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>完成进行时&nbsp;to have been doing&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>3. 用法：<br/>(1) 用作主语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To speak good English is not easy.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or: It is not easy to speak good English.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (采用形式主语it以避免头重脚轻)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It took me an hour to do the work.<br/>(2) 用作宾语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She decided to take the examination.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I hope to meet him soon.<br/>(3) 宾语补足语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They expected us to help them.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He wants his son to study hard.<br/>【金牌重点】：<br/>不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词(see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let……)，则不定式符号 “to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。<br/>I heard them sing in the classroom.<br/>I made her clean the room.<br/>The girl is heard to sing an English song.<br/>(4) 用作表语： To teach is to learn.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; His job is to sell cars.<br/>(5) 用作壮语，表示目的，结果。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We come to school to study English. (目的)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = in order to<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I hurried to the store, only to find it closed. (结果)<br/>(6) 定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = to write it on the piece of paper.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The poor man has no house to live in.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = to live in the house.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Have you anything to do?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = to do anything<br/>4. 不定式的时态意义：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She seems to dance very well. （现在情况）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在进行）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She seems to have danced well.（过去情况）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.（动作持续一段时间）<br/>5. 不定式语态：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The doctor recommended him to air the room.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The doctor recommended the room to be aired.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She expects the police to find her bicycle.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She expects her bicycle to be found bye the police.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.<br/>6. 不定式否定形式： not to do …<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He got up early in order not to miss the train.</p><p>测试精编<br/>1. Did you find out _______ the pie out of oven?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. to take&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. have taken&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. when to take&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. being taken<br/>2. You would be imitated if you watched the mail _______ on your desk every day.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. putting up&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. to be put up&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. to pile up&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. pile up<br/>3. We shall set Jim _______ the passage.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. explaining&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. explained&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. to explain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. explain<br/>4. In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco _______ in Los Angeles.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. to stay&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. than stay&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. than staying&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. than have stayed<br/>5. Madame Curie is believed _______ the radium.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. discovering&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. having discovered&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. to have discovered&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. to discover</p><p>二、动名词：<br/>1. 动名词定义：具有名词性质，可在句中担任主语,宾语表语,定语，且有所有格作修饰语。<br/>2. 形式：以do 为例<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; doing → being done<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; having done → having been done<br/>3. 用法：<br/>(1) 主语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Saying is easier than doing.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; His coming here will be a great help.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It is no use waiting here, he has left.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It is no good smoking.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There is no getting along with him. （简直无法和彵相处。）<br/>……以上例句皆必须要背诵!……<br/>(2) 表语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; His job is keeping the hall clean as possible.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Seeing is believing.<br/>(3) 宾语：<br/>a: 动词宾语：He admitted taking the book.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I do mind your smoking here.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 重磅要点，请读20遍：下列动词须跟动名词作宾语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit …<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 特注：以allow 为例：allow + doing sth (动名词作宾语).但可以：Allow sb to do sth(不定式作宾补)。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这类动词常见如advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.<br/>b. 作介词宾语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He left without saying goodbye to us.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I’m looking forward to meeting you. (to在这里是介词)<br/>(4) 定语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; reading room&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; swimming pool&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; walking stick<br/>4. 动名词复合结构：由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; His leaving is a great loss.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mother dislikes my (me) wording late.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; John’s having seen her did not make her worried.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 注：动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语，作主语时必须是所有格。如上二例，但作宾语时可以用所有格，也可用普通格。（解释得很拗口，请将例句看透即可！）<br/>5. 动名词时态：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I am thinking of setting a new dictionary.（以后）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.（以前）<br/>6. 动名词语态：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He doesn’t like being flattered.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.<br/>7. 动名词与不定式在用法上的几点比较：<br/>(1) 在begin, start, continue 等词后用动名词或不定式区别不大。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He began writing/ to write in 1980.<br/>(2) 下列动词跟不定式或动名词所表示意义差别很大，注意使用。（用心咀嚼！）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He stopped talking.&nbsp;&nbsp; 停止讲话。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He stopped to talk.&nbsp;&nbsp; 停下来开始讲话。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Please remember to post the letter.&nbsp;&nbsp; 记住寄走这封信。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I remember posting the letter.&nbsp;&nbsp; 我记得寄出了这封信。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I forgot to lock the door yesterday.&nbsp;&nbsp; 昨天我忘记锁门了。（未锁）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I forgot telling him the news.&nbsp;&nbsp; 我忘了我曾告诉过他这个消息。（做过的事情忘记了）<br/>测试精编<br/>1. The workers favor _______ funds to build the bridge.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. to raise&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. raising&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. raised&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. rising<br/>2. No one can avoid _______ by one’s surroundings.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. to be influenced&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. having influenced<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. influencing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. being influenced<br/>3. She doesn’t feel like _______ tonight.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. dancing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. to dance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. dance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. to be dancing<br/>4. Does Mr Wang object to _______ her the money?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. that we lend&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. be lent&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. lending&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. lend<br/>5. I can still recall _______ with him many years ago.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. to stay&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. to staying&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. to have stayed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. having stayed</p><p>三、分词<br/>1. 分词的性质：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行；过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。<br/>2. 分词的形式：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 例：<br/>&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;write (vt)&nbsp;rise (vi)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>&nbsp;主动语态&nbsp;被动语态&nbsp;主动语态&nbsp;过去分词&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>时态&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>现在时&nbsp;writing &nbsp;being written&nbsp;rising&nbsp;risen&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>完成时&nbsp;having written&nbsp;having been written&nbsp;having risen&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>3. 分词的用法：<br/>(1) 定语&nbsp;&nbsp; 分词置于被修饰名词前<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 分词短语置于被修饰名词后<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a running dog = a dog which is running<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a broken glass = a glass which is broken<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a beaten team = a team which is beaten (beaten 是被打败的意思)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The problem being discussed is very important.<br/>(2) 表语：The book is interesting.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He is interested in the book.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The news is exciting.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He feels excited.<br/>(3) 宾语补足语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I’d like to have this package weighed.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。<br/>(4) 状语：（以下例句值得一背！）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; j. If you turn to the left, you’ll find the station.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; → Turning to the left, you’ll find the station.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; k. As I didn’t receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; l. While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; m. When she was asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 你知道吗？ 注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. When school was over, the boys went home.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →Being over, the boys went home. &Iacute;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; School being over, the boys went home. P<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. If weather permits, I’ll start tomorrow.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →Weather permitting, I’ll start tomorrow.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Oslash;. If we judge from his face, he must be ill.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; →Judging from his face, he must be ill. （这里应该是we judging…，但若主语是we, one, you 表示 “一般人”，主语可省略）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 实际上，这里涉及到独立主格结构问题，以后在作分解！</p><p>4. 分词的时态：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 现在分词一般时表示此动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 现在分词完成时表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前发生。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Entering the room, he saw me.&nbsp;&nbsp; (几乎同时)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.&nbsp;&nbsp; (分词动作在前)<br/>5. 语态：现在分词一般时被动表动作正在被进行，完成时被动强调分词所表示的动作先被完成。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor. (渔民先被告知而后驶向港口)</p><p>测试精编<br/>1. The _______ news made them _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. excited/exciting&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. exciting/excited<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. exciting/to be excited&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. excited/excited<br/>2. _______ an answer from the committee, he was worried.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. Having not got&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. Getting not<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. Not having got&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. Having not been got<br/>3. _______, all the quarrels came to an end.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. The lost money was found<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. Was the lost money found<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. Because the lost money found<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. With the lost money found<br/>4. Many of our dreams _______ impossible in the past have come true.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. were considered&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. to be considered<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. considering&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. considered<br/>5. The hall was so noisy for the speaker to make himself _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. hear&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. being heard&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. hearing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. heard<br/></p>

第六章 英语句型基本结构<br/>Basic English Sentence Structures<br/>精要：五种基本句型<br/>1. 主 + 谓（不及物动词）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Man can think. The fire is burning.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 不可忽视：常用不及物动词有break, breathe, burn, smoke, swim, skate, appear, disappear, work, think, etc.<br/>2. 主 + 谓 + 表语（系动词）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He became a scientist.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She is getting more and more beautiful.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 不可忽视：常用系动词：be, get, turn, feel, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, smell, become, go, prove, etc.<br/>3. 主 + 谓 + 宾（及物动词）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We love peace.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They will paint the door.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 常用动词有：see, watch, need, love, like, study, answer, carry, etc.<br/>4. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We elected him president.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They painted the door white.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I advised the students to recite the texts.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 王牌重点：常用作宾补的形式：（请将每个例句大声朗读一遍）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (1) 名词：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The couple named their baby Johnson.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (2) 形容词：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I keep the door open.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (3) 副词：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The naughty boy knocked the bottle over.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (4) 不定式：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He ordered his men to fire.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (5) 分词：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He heard me singing.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I saw the vase broken.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (6) 介词短语：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They look on him as a teacher.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (7) 名词性从句：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I asked him what he was doing.<br/>5. (1) 主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; My friend bought me a gift.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I passed him the book.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; (2) 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 介词 + 间宾<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; My friend bought a gift for me.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I passed the book to him.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 忘记就意味着背叛 &Uacute;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 常与介词for搭配的动词有：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; buy, make, do, get, play, call, choose, cook, fetch, find, keep, order, save, etc.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 常与介词to搭配的动词有：<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bring, give, grant, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay, promise, sell, send, show, each, tell, throw, write, etc.<br/>

<p>第七章 主谓一致<br/>rinciple Rules for Subject and Verb Agreement</p><p>I. 单数主语：<br/>1. 当every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及each, either, neither作主语时，谓语动<br/>为单数。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Someone has told me about it.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Neither of us likes the film.<br/>2. 当every或each位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each girl and boy has a nickname.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Every man and woman is welcome.<br/>3. 位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc.<br/>（这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The teacher along with his students is going to the party.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him.</p><p>II. 复数主语：<br/>1. 当主语由and或both…and连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; Both the girl and the boy are his friends.<br/>2. 如主语是both, few或主语前有both, few, several, many等限定词时，谓语动词须用复数。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; Several novels have been written by her.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; Both got the news at the same time.<br/>3. 下列名词总是复数形式且谓语动词必须用复数。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trousers, pants（裤子），jeans, glasses, scissors（剪刀），tweezers（镊子），plier（钳子），scales（天平）， compasses（圆规），etc.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; The trousers here are mine.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 别忘了：如果以上名词受 “ a pair of ” “ the pair of ”修饰时，谓语动词用单数。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The pair of ants is too dirty.</p><p>III. 单、复数的灵活运用：<br/>1. 当主语由neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also或or连接时，谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的词一致，在英语语法中，这被称之为“就近原则”。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; Neither he nor I am going to the airport.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.</p><p>2. 当主语前面有none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等词时，谓语动词则根据主语的具体情况而采用相应的单、复数。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; All of the money has been in the bank. (money是不可数名词)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; All of us have been here.</p><p>3. “ a number of ”是复数，修饰可数名词，谓语动词为复数，“the number of ”也修饰复数名词，但谓语动词用单数。（黄金要点！！）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; A number of students have passed the exam.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ●&nbsp;&nbsp; The number of students in this class is 50.</p><p>IV. 用作单数的复数形式主语：<br/>1. 如主语是指：time, money, weight, volume, etc. 虽为复数形式，但谓语用单数形式。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Two years is a short time.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; One hundred dollars is needed by me.</p><p>2. 下列单词如：physics, economics, mathematics, statistics, etc; measles, mumps, herpes, etc, news, ethics, politics, etc. 为复数形式，但谓语动词用单数。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Statistics is a dull subject.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Politics is important.<br/><br/>3. 书、报、杂志、电影的名称作主语，谓动用作单数。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The New York Times is a good newspaper.</p><p>V. 下列名词在形式上保持不变，但谓语动词的数取决于其意义：<br/>1. family, team, class, committee, group, audience, faculty, etc.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The family is big.（总体）<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; His family like to watch TV.（家庭所有成员）</p><p>2. species, series, etc.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The species is rare.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; These species are common.</p><p>3. sheep, deer, etc.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The sheep are eating grass.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The sheep is big.<br/>VI. Chinese, English, French, etc指语言时，谓动词是单数，如与“the”搭配，指人民时，谓语动词用复数。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; English is used widely.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The English love peace.</p><p>VII. 注意下列外来语的单复数形：<br/>&nbsp;<br/>单数&nbsp;复数&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>basis&nbsp;bases&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>crisis&nbsp;crises&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>criterion (标准)&nbsp;criteria&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>phenomenon&nbsp;phenomena&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>radius (半径)&nbsp;radii&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>alumnus (男校友)&nbsp;alumni&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>datum (资料)&nbsp;data&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>medium (媒体)&nbsp;media&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>index (索引)&nbsp;indices&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>appendix (附录)&nbsp;appendices&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>alga (海藻)&nbsp;algae&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>vita (生命)&nbsp;vitae&nbsp; </p><p>测试精编<br/>1. Students today are writing _______ of poetry.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. a great many lines<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. quantities of lines<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. lots lines<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. a large number<br/>2. The bookstore had not ordered _______ texts for all the students in the course.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. plenty of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. enough&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. as many&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. enough of <br/>3. What did you see?<br/>&nbsp; We saw _______ police there.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. many&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. much&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. little&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. the<br/>4. Do you want to wait?<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; Two weeks _______ too long for me to wait.<br/>5. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia _______.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. being a beautiful woman of wealth and position<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position<br/></p>

thanks

hope it could be longer in the future.

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