倒装句主要用于某些特定的句型和强调某个句中除谓语以外的成分。倒装句的语序有两类:全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是把谓语部分全部提到主语之前,不用任何助动词。部分倒装又分为两种:一种是将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前;另一种是如果没有助动词或情态动词需加do,does或did,放在主语之前。在四级考试中,倒装句的出现频率比主谓一致要多,所以要掌握好,也是得分的题。如:
1. Only under special circumstances _____to take make-up tests.
A.are permitted freshmen B. freshmen are permitted
C.permitted are freshmen D.are freshmen permitted
答案为D。全句意为:“只有在特殊情况下,大一学生才允许补考。”当句子以only等词开头时,要用部分倒装结构。B和D不符合倒装的要求,C的语序混乱。所以D对。
2. We have been told that under no circumstances ____the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
A. may we use B. we may useC. we could useD. did we use
答案为A。全句意为:“上司告诉我们,在任何情况下我们都不能用办公室的电话谈私事。”本句宾语从句中否定状语under no circumstances提到句首,句子应该部分倒装,因此排除B、C两项。再根据句意选A,因为D时态不一致。
3. Not until the game had begun ___at the sports ground.
A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived
C.did he arriveD.should he have arrived
答案为C。全句意为:“直到比赛开始时,他才赶到运动场。”Not until 提前要求倒装。时态上从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时,所以选C。 |
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