1．概念及种类：英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这些规律叫构词法。主要有四种：合成、转化、派生和缩略。常见的是前三种。见下图。

种类	构成方法	例词
合成	由两个或两个以上的词合成为一个词	Classroom，newspaper，blackboardSchoolmate，newly-born，hard-working
转化	由一词类转化为另一词类	taste，answer，back，hand，empty
派生	在词根上加前缀或后缀	care，careful，carefullycareless carelessness carelessly

2．高中阶段主要构词方法归纳：派生法和合成法（1）派生法①常用前缀

表“否定”	un-	unfair unable unlikely
	in-	impossible incapable
	dis-	discover disagree dislike dishonest
表“重复”	re-	rewrite retell repeat reconsider

②常用后缀

类型	加法	后缀意义	例词
名 词 后 缀	-er/or -tion -ese -ist -ing -ment -ness -ian	“动作的执行者”变成了名词“…地方的人”“人”名词化名词化变为名词变为“…的人”	teacher visitorinventororganization congratulation inventionChinese Japanesepianist scientist violinistliving greeting weddingmovement treatmenthappiness illness sickness carelessnessAustralian
动 词 后 缀	-ify -ice -ise -en	使…变…	beautifyrealise organisesacrificelengthen strengthen
形 容 词 后 缀	-able -ful -y -ive -al -an	可…的，能…的充满…的带有…的有…特征的属于…的…的	suitable comfortable movablebeautiful careful usefulsunny,windy,cloudy,snowy,sleepy,saltyactive,instructivemusical medical physicalAmerican European Australian
	-ly	副词后缀	carefully really certainly
数 词 后 缀	-teen	表“十三至十九”	fourteen fifteen nineteen
	-ty	表“二十、三十…七十”	forty sixty eighty
	-th	表“第几”	fourth sixtieth ninth

（2）合成法：police+man=policeman play+ground=playground birth+day=birthdayafter+noon=afternoon hand+bag=handbagevery+where=everywhere bed+room=bedroomno+where=nowhere hand+writing=handwritingany+where=anywhere grand+parent=grandparenthow+ever=however what+ever=whatever