● 在“one of the +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,从句谓语动词常用复数形式;但当one前面有the only,the very等词修饰时,从句谓语动词用单数形式。如:
This is one of the best novels that have appeared
this year.这是今年出版的最好的小说之一。
Tom was the only one of the boys who was on
time.汤姆是那些男孩中唯一一个准时到的。
● 当先行词为anyone, one, ones, those, he, she等表示人的代词时,关系代词用who,一般不用that。如:
Anyone who comes to our public library will be welcome.任何人到我们公共图书馆来都受欢迎。
● that和which都可指物,但下列情况下一般要用that:
1. 先行词是不定代词all, any, none, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything等或被all, any, every, each, few, little, no等词修饰时。如:
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有什么事我可以帮你做吗?
2. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或the only, the very, the last, the same等词所修饰时。如:
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
This is the first place that I visited last time. 这是我上次首先参观的地方。
3. 先行词包含了人和物两方面的含义时。如:
They talked about the things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈到了他们所记得的在学校时的人和事。
4. 在以who,which开头的疑问句中,用that以避免重复。如:
Who lent you the book that was written by Lu Xun?
【练习】
Ⅰ. 从A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
1. Any of those ______ break the law will come to a bad end in time.
A. whoB. that C. /D. whom
2. This is one of the ugliest faces ______ I have ever seen.
A. whatB. that C. whoD. whom
3. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
A. whoseB. whichC. itsD. that
4. The people and animals ______ were killed in the earthquake were difficult to count.
A. which B. that C. whoD. /
5. You are the only man ______ could help me.
A. which B. whomC. thatD. /
6. Who is the man ______ you spoke to just now?
A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which
7. We were shocked at the way ______ he treated his wife.
A. which B. that C. howD. why
8.— Why does she always ask you for help?
— There is no one else ______, is there?
A. who to turn toB. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词填空。
1. He is the man ________ wants to see you.
2. He ________ works hard will be rewarded with success.
3. The girl ________ is playing the guitar is my sister.
4. The man ________ you talked with is a writer.
5. I have read all the books ________ you gave me.
6. Who was the first person ________ discovered the body?
7. He is the very man ________ we have been looking for.
8. Which of us ________ love music would miss this concert?
9. We know the man ________ son is teaching in a middle school.
10. He is one of the foreign experts ________ are working in China.
Key:Ⅰ. 1–4 ABAB 5–8 CCBB
Ⅱ.1. that / who2. who 3. who / that4. (who / whom / that) 5. (that) 6. that7. (that)8. that
9. whose10. who
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