“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”的用法

五、must + have＋过去分词

表示对已经发生事情的肯定推测，意为“一定已经”、“准是已经”。这一结构一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式用can’t have done。如：

(1) Where is my wallet? I must have lost it. 我的钱包呢？我准是把它丢了。

(2) Her father thought she must have met a fairy. 她爸爸认为她一定是碰到仙人了。

(3) If he had really been there, I must have seen him. 如果他当时确实在那里，我一定会看见他。

(4) Her watch must have stopped. I will go and call her. 她的表准是停了。我去叫她。

六、need＋have＋过去分词

一般用于否定句，表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情或过去做某事纯属多余，含有“根本不必；本来不必”之意，也可用于疑问句。如：

(1) You needn’t have taken a taxi, for it wasn’t such a long way. 你本不必打车，因为路程不远。

(2) She needn’t have gone to the airport yesterday. 昨天她本不必去机场。

(3) You needn’t have told them that. 你没有必要告诉他们那件事情。

(4) Need they have done it last week? 他们上周做这事有必要吗?

七、should+ have＋过去分词

表示该做某事而实际上未做，含有责备意味，意为“本该”，其否定式则表示做了不该做的事，意为“本不该”。如：

(1) Jenny should have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. 詹妮本该遵守诺言，我不知道她为什么改变了主意。

(2) We shouldn’t have waited for her because she never came. 我们不该等她，因为她根本不会来。

(3) You’re right. I should have thought of that. 你说得对。我应当想到那点(但没想到)。

八、ought to+ have＋过去分词

“ought to＋have＋过去分词”表示过去该做某事而没有做，含有责备的意思，语气较should强，意为“本来应该”；其否定式“ought not to +不定式的完成式”表示“本不该……(而做了)”。如：

(1)You ought to have done the experiment more carefully. 你本该更加细心地做这个实验。

(2) Mary ought not to have left home without telling her mother. 玛丽不该不告诉她妈妈一声就离开家。

九、would＋have＋过去分词

“would＋have＋过去分词”表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做，通常用来说明某种情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。如：

(1) I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我本来要早点给你写信，但我生病了。

(2) If I had seen the advertisement I would have applied for the job. 我要是看见那个广告，我就申请那份工作了。

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