National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden's options narrowed Tuesday as his globe-spanning, 21-country plea for asylum largely came up short, raising the possibility of a prolonged stay in the transit zone of Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport.
周二，美国国家安全局(National Security Agency)泄密者斯诺登(Edward Snowden)的选择进一步减少，他向全球21个国家提出的庇护请求结果大都令人失望，可能需要在莫斯科谢列梅捷沃机场(Sheremetyevo Airport)的过境区停留更长时间。
Some countries, including Germany, Poland, India and Brazil, rejected Mr. Snowden's request for asylum outright. Others said he must make it to their soil to file a claim─currently an impossibility for the fugitive, given his lack of a valid passport or active travel documents.
包括德国、波兰、印度和巴西在内的一些国家直截拒绝了斯诺登的庇护请求。其他一些国家说，他必须在其境内提出庇护请求。目前来看，这一要求是斯诺登不可能满足的，原因是他没有有效护照，也没有有效的旅行文件。
Mr. Snowden's remaining hopes seemed to lie with firebrand anti-American leaders in Venezuela and Bolivia, with Ecuador starting to hedge.
在厄瓜多尔开始含糊其辞的情况下，斯诺登剩下的希望似乎落在委内瑞拉和玻利维亚富于煽动性的反美领导人身上。
Mr. Snowden's troubles don't necessarily mean Washington will win his return to face criminal charges for stealing and leaking secret documents. U.S. officials privately warned that the outcome of the saga remains impossible to predict. Still, events of the last two days represent something of a diplomatic turnaround for the Obama administration.
斯诺登面临的困境并不一定意味着华盛顿将能够成功将其引渡到美国，使其面临因窃取及泄露秘密文件而受到的刑事指控。美国官员私下里警告说，这场风波的结果仍无法预测。不过，过去两天发生的事对奥巴马政府来说可算是外交上的柳暗花明。
Last week, when Mr. Snowden fled Hong Kong for Moscow and points beyond, both the Chinese and Russian governments appeared to ignore American pleas that they seize him. The U.S. appeared almost powerless to stop a 30-year-old former government contractor from jetting around the world in defiance of American wishes.
上周，当斯诺登从香港逃到莫斯科，并打算前往其他国家时，中国和俄罗斯政府似乎都对美国提出的将斯诺登拘捕的请求视而不见。对阻止一位30岁的前美国政府承包商员工无视美国的意愿在世界各地飞来飞去，美国似乎无能为力。
Now, a sustained private and public diplomatic campaign by the White House and State Department appears to have at least halted the odyssey. Events, said one senior U.S. official, are 'trending right.'
而如今，美国白宫和国务院在同时进行了私下和公开的持续外交行动后，至少让斯诺登的逃亡之旅暂停下来。一位美国高级官员说，事态在朝着正确的方向发展。
Ecuador's President Rafael Correa, who earlier appeared to be leaning toward granting Mr. Snowden asylum, said he would consider it only if Mr. Snowden somehow gets to Ecuador first. At the same time, Mr. Correa has repudiated as invalid a travel document issued to Mr. Snowden by Ecuador's consul in London that might have helped him gain safe passage.
厄瓜多尔总统科雷亚(Rafael Correa)此前似乎倾向于给予斯诺登庇护，如今却说，只有斯诺登先到达厄瓜多尔，他才会考虑斯诺登提出的庇护申请。与此同时，科雷亚宣布厄瓜多尔驻英国大使馆发放给斯诺登的旅行文件无效。这份旅行文件原本可能帮助斯诺登获得安全的通行通道。
Similarly, Mr. Snowden on Tuesday quickly withdrew an asylum request he had submitted to Russia after President Vladimir Putin announced that the U.S. fugitive would need to stop his activism against the U.S. government if he wanted permission to stay. Russia has been cool to Mr. Snowden's entreaties from the start, and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and his deputy, William Burns, also pressured Russian officials.
同样，俄罗斯总统普京(Vladimir Putin)宣布说，如果斯诺登想获准留在俄罗斯，他必须停止其针对美国政府的爆料行动，随后斯诺登于周二迅速撤回了向俄罗斯提交的庇护请求。俄罗斯一开始就对斯诺登提出的庇护请求态度冷淡，美国国务卿克里(John Kerry)及副国务卿伯恩斯(William Burns)也双双向俄罗斯官员施压。
The U.S. has warned of a broad dampening effect on ties with Moscow if it chose to defy American wishes. Sen. Dick Durbin (D., Ill.), a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, added in an interview: 'There's a reason why he hasn't moved out of Russia. I had thought he would be changing planes in Moscow. It's turned out to be much more. The process has slowed down and deliberations have started.'
美国警告说，如果俄罗斯选择无视美国的意愿，将给美俄关系造成广泛的负面影响。伊利诺伊州民主党参议员、参议院外交关系委员会(Senate Foreign Relations Committee)成员德宾(Dick Durbin)在接受采访时说：斯诺登一直没有离开俄罗斯是有原因的。我曾以为他会在莫斯科转机，结果是不止如此。他的逃亡过程放缓了，商议开始了。
Mr. Snowden himself acknowledged his predicament. 'Although I am convicted of nothing, [the Obama administration] has unilaterally revoked my passport, leaving me a stateless person,' Mr. Snowden said in a statement released late Monday on his behalf by the antisecrecy group WikiLeaks.
斯诺登本人也承认面临困境。他周一晚间在反秘密组织维基解密(WikiLeaks)代表他发表的声明中说：尽管我没有被定罪，奥巴马政府却单方面吊销了我的护照，使我成了一个没有国籍的人。
He called the U.S. moves to prevent him from achieving asylum 'old, bad tools of political aggression.' 'Their purpose is to frighten, not me, but those who would come after me,' he said in his statement.
他将美国阻止其成功申请庇护的行为称作是老套、糟糕的政治侵略。他在声明中说，他们就是要敲山震虎，不是要吓唬我，而是要吓唬那些想要追随我脚步的人。
Mr. Snowden's remaining hopes seemed to lie with Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and Bolivian President Evo Morales, both of whom said in TV interviews this week that Mr. Snowden deserves protection.
斯诺登残存的希望能否实现似乎取决于委内瑞拉总统马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)和玻利维亚总统莫拉莱斯(Evo Morales)。这两人均在本周接受电视采访时说，斯诺登应得到保护。
Though both leaders were in Moscow Tuesday for a natural-gas producer's summit, they gave no indication of whether they would consider granting him documents that would allow him to travel to their countries.
虽然这两位领导人周二都在莫斯科参加天然气出口国论坛峰会，但都没有表示是否会考虑为斯诺登发放允许他前往这两个国家的文件。
'All of humanity should protect him,' Mr. Maduro told reporters at a ceremony unveiling Hugo Chávez Street in Moscow.
马杜罗在莫斯科查韦斯街(Hugo Chavez Street)的揭幕仪式上对记者说，所有有人性的人都应该保护斯诺登。
'I think we should do something for him and I will leave this decision to the people,' Mr. Maduro later told the Kremlin-backed channel RT. 'We either help him or we close the door and forget about him.'
马杜罗在随后接受克里姆林宫支持的RT电视台采访时说，我认为我们应该为他做点事，我会让人民来做这个决定；我们要么帮助他，要么关起大门，忘了他。
Mr. Maduro said Venezuela had not yet received Mr. Snowden's request, though WikiLeaks said he applied. The Foreign Ministry in Caracas confirmed late Tuesday that Mr. Maduro had flown on to Belarus, but declined to comment on whether Mr. Snowden might be with him.
马杜罗说，委内瑞拉尚未收到斯诺登的庇护申请，尽管维基解密说他提出了申请。委内瑞拉外交部周二晚间证实，马杜罗已乘机前往白俄罗斯，但拒绝就斯诺登是否可能与马杜罗在一起发表评论。
For Mr. Maduro, it might be rhetorically tempting to offer Mr. Snowden asylum, but such a move also would sink the new Venezuelan leader's budding policy of rapprochement with the U.S. Last month, Venezuela's foreign minister met with Mr. Kerry, and both promised to work for better relations.
马杜罗或许在言语上表现得愿意向斯诺登提供庇护，但真若这么做，会不利于委内瑞拉这位新领导人刚刚制定的与美国修好的政策。委内瑞拉外长上月与克里会晤，双方承诺将为改善关系而努力。
Since taking office, Mr. Maduro has had to grapple with galloping inflation of 23%, a plunging currency and widespread shortages that made even toilet paper a scarce commodity. A confrontation with the U.S. would surely send the economy into an even deeper tailspin, posing a threat to Mr. Maduro as he attempts to consolidate his hold on power.
马杜罗上任以来，一直在努力应对高达23%的难抑的通货膨胀、汇率暴跌以及连卫生纸都成了稀缺商品的物资普遍短缺问题。若与美国对峙，委内瑞拉经济无疑会进一步陷入混乱，给试图巩固其权力掌控的马杜罗带来威胁。
Bolivia's Mr. Morales, meanwhile, said his country would study any request submitted by Mr. Snowden. Asked if Bolivia would grant the U.S. fugitive asylum, Mr. Morales responded: 'Yes, why not?'
玻利维亚总统莫拉莱斯说，斯诺登如递交任何请求，该国都会认真考虑。在被问到玻利维亚是否会授予斯诺登庇护身份时，莫拉莱斯答道：会，为什么不呢？
Late Tuesday, Bolivia said the plane carrying Mr. Morales home was forced to land in Austria after France and Portugal denied permission for it to enter their airspace. In the Bolivian capital La Paz, Foreign Minister David Choquehuanca denied that Mr. Snowden was on board the aircraft.
玻利维亚周二晚间说，莫拉莱斯回国乘坐的飞机迫降奥地利，法国和葡萄牙不允许该飞机进入它们的领空。玻利维亚外长乔克万卡(David Choquehuanca)在首都拉巴斯否认斯诺登在这架飞机上。
'It's an official plane, a presidential plane,' Mr. Choquehuanca said 'The life of the president was put in danger over unfounded suspicions.'
乔克万卡说，这是官方飞机，是总统专机，总统的生命安全因毫无根据的怀疑而处于危险之中。
Meanwhile, Mr. Snowden appears to be stuck indefinitely in the Moscow airport's transit zone, and the U.S. appears to have no way to extract him. Russian authorities have given no indication that they would force him to leave that area. In a handful of cases, asylum-seekers have spent months in the airport.
与此同时，斯诺登似乎无限期地滞留在莫斯科机场过境区，美国好像也没有办法捉拿他。俄罗斯当局没有给出任何会强迫斯诺登离开机场过境区的暗示。以前曾有过几桩案例，申请庇护的当事人在机场滞留数月。
Mr. Putin, a former KGB officer who views whistleblowing activities with skepticism, said Monday that Russia 'never hands anyone over and doesn't plan to' do so with Mr. Snowden. 'He's not our agent, he's not working with us,' Mr. Putin added.
曾为克格勃特工的普京对告发行为持怀疑态度。他周一说，俄罗斯从未引渡过任何人，也不打算引渡斯诺登；他不是我们的特工，与我们没有工作关系。
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Tuesday that handing over Mr. Snowden to 'a country like the U.S., where the death penalty is practiced, is impossible.'
克里姆林宫发言人佩斯科夫(Dmitry Peskov)周二说，不可能把斯诺登交给美国这样有死刑的国家。
Mr. Snowden is wanted by U.S. authorities for leaking information about the NSA's domestic and foreign intelligence-gathering operations, including an alleged NSA program to spy on European institutions.
斯诺登因泄露有关美国国家安全局国内及国际情报收集活动而受到美国当局的通缉。他泄露的信息包括据说美国国家安全局监视欧洲机构的一个项目。
Prosecutors have filed criminal charges against him under the Espionage Act in a U.S. District Court.
检方已经根据《反间谍法》(Espionage Act)在美国一个地方法院对斯诺登提出了刑事指控。
The former security contractor has applied for asylum to 21 countries in total, according to WikiLeaks. He submitted 19 applications, including the one to Russia that was subsequently withdrawn, to Moscow embassies via a Russian consulate in Sheremetyevo Airport on Monday. Previously, he had applied to Ecuador and Iceland.
据维基解密说，这位前美国国家安全局承包商员工共向21个国家提出了庇护请求。周一，他通过俄罗斯在谢列梅捷沃机场的一位领事向驻莫斯科的外国大使馆提交了19份申请，其中一份提交给俄罗斯，但后来被撤回。此前，他曾向厄瓜多尔和冰岛提出了庇护申请。
In his letter to Poland, which was reviewed by The Wall Street Journal, Mr. Snowden argued that he was unlikely to receive a fair trial in the U.S. and highlighted the possibility of life in prison or death.
斯诺登在给波兰的信中说，他在美国不太可能受到公正的审判，并强调自己有可能被判终身监禁或死刑。《华尔街日报》看过这封信。
'As a result of my political opinions, and my desire to exercise my freedom of speech, through which I've shown that the government of the United States is intercepting the majority of communications in the world, the government of the United States has publicly announced a criminal investigation against me,' Mr. Snowden wrote.
斯诺登写道，由于我的政治观点以及我想行使言论自由的强烈愿望，美国政府公开宣布对我进行刑事调查；通过行使言论自由，我揭露了美国政府在拦截世界大部分的通信信息。
He said he was being persecuted as a result of his decision to make public 'serious violations' of the U.S. Constitution and United Nations treaties by the U.S. government.
他说，由于他决定公开揭露美国政府严重违反美国宪法和联合国条约的行为，他正受到迫害。
Mr. Snowden arrived in Moscow from Hong Kong on June 23 en route to Ecuador 'via Russia and other states,' but was stymied after the U.S. canceled his passport and began pressuring intermediary countries that formed stopovers on his trip, according to WikiLeaks.
斯诺登于6月23日从香港飞抵莫斯科，计划取道俄罗斯和其他国家前往厄瓜多尔，但据维基解密称，由于美国吊销了他的护照，并开始施压他途中停留的国家，斯诺登的行程受阻。
Mr. Snowden could ask Russia to issue him a refugee travel document under the UN convention on refugees, said Stephen W. Yale-Loehr, an attorney who teaches immigration and asylum law at Cornell Law School. 'He would qualify presumably under the 'political opinion' factor,' Mr. Yale-Loehr said, citing one of the five criteria a person can use to achieve refugee status under the treaty.
康奈尔法学院(Cornell Law School)教授移民法和庇护法的律师Stephen W. Yale-Loehr称，斯诺登可以根据联合国难民公约向俄罗斯申请难民通行文件，他可能适用“政治观点”这个要素，这是一个人可以用来在难民公约下获得难民身份的五个标准之一。
Michael Bochenek, director of law and policy at Amnesty International, said Mr. Snowden doesn't need to be physically present in a country to gain asylum. He said Mr. Snowden could apply to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for help gaining asylum in various countries.
人权组织大赦国际(Amnesty International)法律和政策部门负责人博赫内克(Michael Bochenek)说，斯诺登无需身在一个国家来获得政治庇护，他可以向联合国难民事务高级专员公署(United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)提出申请，帮助他在多个国家获得庇护。
A spokeswoman for the UNHCR declined to say whether Mr. Snowden had made an application, saying the agency can't comment on individual cases.
联合国难民事务高级专员公署的一位发言人拒绝透露斯诺登是否提交了这样的申请，他说，该机构不对个案置评。
As for whether Mr. Snowden could be sent back to Hong Kong, Mr. Bochenek said that would be up to Russia. Typically when people arrive in countries without the proper travel documents, they are returned to the country of departure on the next flight at the airline's expense, he said.
对于斯诺登是否有可能被遣返回香港这个问题，博赫内克说，这取决于俄罗斯；通常如果一个人在没有持正规旅行文件的情况下抵达一个国家，他会被送上返回始发国的下一班飞机，费用由航空公司承担。
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