最近几天，问题疫苗事件引发了全国人民的高度关注。朋友圈瞬间就被一篇2013年发表的题为《疫苗之殇》的图片专题刷屏。疫苗是什么？疫苗到底出了什么问题？会造成怎样的后果？又有什么补救措施？世纪君今天就为大家整理一份双语版干货。问题疫苗究竟是什么问题？

2011年以来，山东庞某和其女儿非法购进25种儿童、成人用二类疫苗，未经严格冷链存储运输（not transported and stored properly in approved condition）。这些问题疫苗（problematic vaccines）流入全国24个省市，涉案金额高达5.7亿元。

On Monday, the food and drug administration of Shandong province made public a list of problematic vaccines illegally sold in at least 24 provincial areas since 2011. Those vaccines are worth more than 570 million yuan. Though produced by qualified manufacturers, the vaccines were not transported in approved conditions.

李克强总理作出重要批示，食药监总局、卫生计生委、公安部要切实加强协同配合，彻查“问题疫苗”的流向和使用情况，及时回应社会关切，依法严厉打击违法犯罪行为，对相关失职渎职行为严肃问责，绝不姑息。目前，关于案件的深入调查还在进行中。

Premier Li Keqiang said there will be no leniency for anyone involved in a vaccine scandal that has shocked the nation and ignited wide public concern about vaccine safety. Li pledged on Tuesday to punish officials who are proven to have been derelict in their duty in the distribution of the possibly ineffective vaccines, according to the State Council website. Investigations into the matter are continuing.



世卫组织也在3月22号发表了针对这起问题疫苗事件的声明，中英文全文如下：

世界卫生组织了解到中国近日的疫苗事件，报道称一家庭购买疫苗并转售给医院和接种点。中国官方目前正在调查这起事件，并将于近日公布调查结果。世卫组织正在等待调查结果并随时准备为中国卫生部门提供支持。

WHO is aware of reports of vaccines being purchased by a private family and resold to hospitals and clinics. Chinese authorities are currently investigating the case and will make the results public in coming days. WHO awaits the investigation results and stands ready to provide support to national health authorities.

疫苗应该妥善储存和保管，否则会失去或降低效力。需要注意的是，未被妥善储存或者过期的疫苗几乎不会导致中毒反应——因此，在这次事件中，安全风险非常低。过期或未被妥善储存的疫苗给儿童带来的风险是缺失了疫苗对疾病的预防能力，而预防疾病正是接种疫苗的目的。

Vaccines need to be stored and managed properly or they can lose potency and become less effective. It is important to note, however, that improperly stored or expired vaccine seldom if ever causes a toxic reaction – therefore there is likely to be minimal safety risk in this particular situation. Rather, the risk to children from administering expired or improperly stored vaccine is lack of protection from the disease for which the vaccine was intended.

中国扩大免疫计划使用的疫苗是安全有效的，这个计划已经在中国消灭了脊髓灰质炎，并且将疫苗可预防疾病如乙肝的发病率降低到很低的水平。世卫组织鼓励家长通过中国常规的扩大免疫计划继续让孩子接种疫苗，以达到预防疾病的目的。

Vaccines used in China’s Expanded Program on Immunization are known to be safe and effective. The program vaccines have made China free from polio and have reduced vaccine preventable diseases such as hepatitis B among children to very low levels in China. WHO encourages parents continue to protect their children from vaccine preventable diseases through China’s routine Expanded Program on Immunization.疫苗科普



1什么是疫苗？疫苗有何作用？

疫苗是一种生物制剂（biological preparation），能增强身体自身的防御系统（boost your body’s own defense system），也就是免疫系统（immune system）。接种疫苗可以说inoculate/get vaccine/take an vaccine shot，例：The girl is taking an A/H1N1 flu vaccine shot. (这个女孩正在接受甲型H1N1流感疫苗注射。)

2疫苗的工作原理？

疫苗通过模仿病毒传染（imitate an infection）来增强免疫力(develop immunity)。通过注射疫苗产生的病毒传染并不会导致生病，它会让免疫系统产生T淋巴细胞（T-lymphocyte）和抗体（antibodies）。有时候，在注射完疫苗后会有轻微的症状（minor symptoms），如发烧（fever）等。这些轻微症状是正常的，正是身体建立免疫的表现。当病毒传染消失，人的身体也留下了“记忆”，掌握了将来面对这种病毒的抵抗方式。不过通常，建立“记忆”的过程需要几周，所以一个人在刚接种完疫苗后刚好生了这种疫苗预防的疾病也是有可能的，因为疫苗产生作用的周期还没有过完。

这个4分钟的动画小视频，简单明了地说明了疫苗的诞生，发展和工作原理。

3 疫苗分为几类？

我国疫苗分为两类。The country's vaccination system is divided into two categories at present.

一类疫苗是政府免费向公民提供，公民应当按照政府的规定受种的疫苗。

The first is mandatory vaccination, mostly free and using domestic vaccines under the National Immunization Program.

二类疫苗是公民自费并且自愿受种的其他疫苗。

The second is alternative vaccination, which parents must pay for.

目前在我国有14种强制疫苗（mandatory vaccines）和约30种可选疫苗（optional vaccines）。根据卫生部的报告，2011年，我国儿童疫苗接种率（inoculation rate）高达90%。4可能接种过问题疫苗，怎么办？

国家卫生和计划生育委员会官员周三表示，从我国疑似预防接种异常反应信息管理系统报告情况分析，未发现疑似预防接种异常反应增多的情况。从世卫组织的声明中也可以看出，山东这批疫苗的最大风险在于可能失效（lack of protection from the disease for which the vaccine was intended），而不是对人体造成毒性伤害（causes a toxic reaction）。在确定疫苗种类后，可以向疾控部门或者接种单位咨询，进行补种。

Thank you for your sharing.