Soccer fans around the world love to question the calls that the referees make during games. One common insult is to say the referee must not be able to see well.
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referee：[,rɛfə'ri]
n. 裁判员；调解人；介绍人
vi. 仲裁；担任裁判
vt. 为…当裁判；调停
A new study says most referees can see just fine. Belgian and British researchers found that the best referees, however, are able to pay attention to the parts of a play where a foul is most likely to happen.
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foul：[faʊl]
adj. 犯规的；邪恶的；污秽的；淤塞的
vt. 犯规；弄脏；淤塞；缠住，妨害
vi. 犯规；腐烂；缠结
n. 犯规；缠绕
adv. 违反规则地，不正当地
These referees can ignore other less-important parts of a play.
Inexperienced referees, however, are not as precise, or exact.
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precise：[prɪ'saɪs]
adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的
The study was published in October in the journal "Cognitive Research". Werner Helsen was a co-author of the study. He is a sports scientist and a professor at Belgium's University of Leuven. He also helps train officials for FIFA and UEFA, the governing body of European soccer.
Helsen said there have been several studies done on soccer players. Researchers have studied how some of the best athletes see the games they play. Researchers ask the players to look at pictures or videos of a game. They follow the players' eyes to see what they look at first and for how long.
Before the new study, researchers had not examined soccer referees in the same way.
Referees who call games from top soccer leagues and lower soccer leagues took part in the study. Helsen and his team showed 40 referees videos of soccer games. The researchers used special technology to watch how their eyes moved.
Helsen said the best referees focused their eyes on the most important parts of plays. That means they did not pay attention to what Helsen called "irrelevant" -- or unimportant -- details.
The best referees do not, in fact, have better vision than the others. But they do have more experience and they know what they should look for.
"It is the meaning your mind can give to something you are looking at that makes the big difference and that makes the difference between being elite, or not elite".
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elite：[ɪˈliːt]
n. 精英；精华；中坚分子
Helsen compares what the best referees see on the field to what an experienced doctor might see from an X-ray. A less-experienced doctor might take longer to look at an X-ray to find the problem.
Soccer organizations like FIFA and UEFA want to have the best referees at the biggest games. But there are not many chances for referees to practice calling foul plays. Helsen says referees need more chances to train and practice -- just as soccer players do.
"The refereeing is practice-poor. We need to find more tools to give them more experience outside the game".
Helsen and other researchers are working on a website that can help train referees. It is called "Perception 4 Perfection".
Referees used the website before the 2016 European Championship tournament. They looked at 700 videos that showed how a soccer team can be offside. It is a difficult call to make because players are moving very fast. The referee needs to see three things at the same time: the ball, the offensive team's player and the defensive team's player.
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tournament：['tɔnəmənt]
n. 锦标赛，联赛；比赛
offside：[,ɔf'saɪd]
n. 越位
adj. 越位的
adv. 越位地
After watching the videos for less than 24 hours, the skill level of some of the referees increased by 30 percent.
Helsen and his group are working on another on project that could make referees' jobs easier. They are studying whether slow-motion video replays should be used to review disputed calls.
It is something already being used for sports like tennis, baseball and American football.
