语法课常常上的譬喻修辞，其实英文也有！暗喻 (metaphor) 与明喻 (simile) 常常在每天的谈话与阅读中出现，所以我们知道了：

明喻

明喻就是直接的比较，也就是形容「A像B」，比如说「白的跟雪一样」(as white as snow)、「黑的跟黑炭一样」(as black ascoal)。

暗喻

比喻的运用就更需要一点想像力，因为句子延伸的意义本身不见得能够从字面上看出来，而这正是它巧妙的地方！

而同样的单字被运用在直喻或比喻，可能会有完全不一样的意思！以下举一些例子：

「苹果」是水果也是比喻的好帮手



Simile 明喻

The travellers have fallen in love withTaiwan’s local produce. They cannot believe that the tomatoes are as big asapples, and the apples look like the size of baseballs.

旅行者们已经爱上了台湾的当地特产。他们不敢相信番茄大如苹果，而苹果看起来像棒球一样大。

Metaphor 暗喻

the apple in one’s eye 掌上明珠；非常珍贵的人或者物品

In a family of five boys and one girl, the youngest daughter is the apple in everyone’s eye.

在一个拥有五个男孩与一个女孩的家里，最小的女儿是每个人的掌上明珠。

a few bad apples 害群之马；几个坏角色

Amid a massive corporate scandal which lost a significant portion of the investors’ money, the CEO told the media that they shouldn’t lose faith in their company because of a few bad apples.

严重的企业丑闻大幅度损失了投资者的钱，首席执行官告知媒体，他们不应该因为少数的害群之马，对公司失去信心。

「色彩」可以形容情景也可以形容情绪



Simile 明喻

Fans of photography can easily recall a famous National Geographic cover photo that featured a beautiful girl with green eyes resembling pure emeralds.

摄影爱好者都知道一张著名的《国家地理杂志》封面照，一位美女的绿色眼睛看起来像是纯绿宝石。

Metaphor 暗喻

green with envy 因为嫉妒到脸绿了

green-eyed monster 绿眼怪兽（非常嫉妒）

Gwen often becomes green with envy whenever her classmates receive better grades or awards for outstanding achievements,and she would turn into a green-eyed monster.

每当她的同学们得到更好的成绩或领取杰出成就的奖励，葛温总是嫉妒到脸都发绿，俨然变成一隻绿眼怪兽了（表示非常嫉妒）！

「海洋」与「天空」不止是美丽的颜色与无限的视野



Simile 明喻

As the far end of the ocean merges with the skyline, the different shades of blue look like the collision of light and dark sapphires.

当海洋的尽头融合了天际线，不同色调的蓝像是浅蓝与深蓝宝石的相撞。

Metaphor 暗喻

bottomless ocean 没有底线的海洋

The professor has been teaching,researching, and writing for forty years. His knowledge is an ocean that appears to be bottomless.

教授任教、研究、写作已经四十年了，而他的知识似乎是无底的海洋。

「情感」也有许多直接与间接的形容方法



Simile 明喻

The young couple’s passionate feelings for each other are like flames that keep on burning.

年轻情侣对对方的激烈感情就像是不断燃烧的火焰。

Metaphor 暗喻

a journey 一个旅程

a crossroad 一个十字路口

After forty years of happily married life,Mark and Miranda have traveled a beautiful journey together.

经过四十年的幸福美满的婚姻生活，马克和米兰达已经在一起经历了美丽的旅程。