"How many times must a man look up before he can see the sky?"
“一个人要仰望多少次才能看到天空？”
That's a quote from a famous song by Bob Dylan.
这句歌词引自鲍勃·迪伦的著名歌曲。
I love that line because it reminds me that sometimes what we need is actually right there in front of us.
我喜欢这句话，因为它提醒我，有时我们需要的东西就在我们面前。
I will argue that that is also the case with climate change.
我认为这句歌词也同样适用于气候变化。
We can actually replace some of the biggest sources of the problem, oil, coal and gas, with something we have in abundance: wind.
我们其实可以将引起气候变化的主要能源比如石油、煤炭以及天然气用一种常见的东西代替：风。
In my country, Denmark, we are doing just that.
我来自丹麦，我们国家正在这样做。
Now we are a small country with a small population.
丹麦是一个小国家，人口也少。
If you haven't visited yet, please do so.
如果你还没到访过丹麦，建议你要来一下。
We are all friendly people.
我们都是非常友善的人。
As long as you don't criticize our national football team.
前提是你不能批评我们的足球国家队。
Nothing makes a Dane proud like the knowledge that something we have done makes a positive difference in the world.
没有什么比知道我们所做的事情对世界产生了积极的影响更让丹麦人感到自豪的了。
Historically speaking, we've made a difference before.
从历史上看，我们以前也有所作为。
1,000 years ago, countrymen of mine controlled most of northern Europe.
1000年前，我们的祖先控制了北欧大部分地区。
I'm sure you've heard of them.
我相信你一定听说过他们。
Big, strong guys, helmets, beards, long hair.
高大、强壮的家伙，戴着头盔，留着长长的胡须和头发。
The Vikings.
他们就是维京人。
Now I will make the case today that in order for us to fight climate change, we actually need to learn from the Vikings.
今天我要说的是，为了应对气候变化，我们实际上需要维京人学习。
But before we get to that, please indulge me.
但在这之前，请允许我先做一件事。
We have to go somewhere else.
我们要先去别的地方。
I have to say go back in time.
回到过去。
Not all the way back to the Viking age in the heydays of Harald "Bluetooth," but to the 1970s during the oil crisis in Denmark.
不是回到维京时代蓝牙哈拉尔（Harald“Bluetooth”）王朝的全盛时期，而是回到1970年代，回到丹麦的石油危机时期。
Not to a Viking fortress, but to a small workshop, in a barn, in a farm, in a village in Denmark.
不是回到维京的堡垒，而是回到丹麦一个小村庄的一个农场里的小作坊。
Meets Henrik Stiesdal.
让我们一起认识一下亨里克·斯蒂斯达尔（HenrikStiesdal）。
He's not an accomplished, experienced engineer.
他不是一名成熟、有经验的工程师。
He's 19 years old, a young man.
他是一个19岁的年轻人。
He set himself a challenge.
他给自己设定了一个挑战。
He thought, "What if I could make a wind turbine that could produce electricity?"
他想，“如果我能制造一台可以发电的风力涡轮机，会怎么样？”
And you know what?
你知道吗？
He did.
他做到了。
How do I know?
我怎么知道？
Because that's it.
因为它就在这儿。
Not a model, not a replica.
不是模型，也不是复制品。
This is the actual one that Henrik made.
这是亨里克真实制造出来的。
He was kind enough to lend it to me.
他好心地把发电机借给了我。
It says M1 on it.
上面写着M1。
That stands for "molle one," "molle et" which translates into "turbine number one."
全称是“molleone”，“molleone”的意思是“发电机1号”。
And of course, this was just the first one he made.
当然，这是只是他制作的第一台发电机。
Later, he managed to build a big one that could supply his family with cheap, affordable electricity in the middle of the crisis.
不久后，他又成功制作出了一台大型的发电机，这足以在石油危机期间让他的家庭用上便宜、可负担的电力。
And soon after that, other farms asked Henrik to build a turbine for them as well.
不久之后，其他农场让亨里克帮他们也制作发电机。
And he did.
他照做了。
And eventually he actually sold the design to a company called Vestas.
最后他把这个设计卖了出去，卖给了一个叫维斯塔斯（Vestas）的公司。
You might have heard of them because they are the biggest turbine producer in the world today.
你可能听说过这个公司，因为他们是当今世界上最大的风力发电公司。
So this is how Henrik's invention became a sort of the prototype for many, many of the wind turbines that you'll see all over the planet today.
这就是亨里克的发明，它成为了许多风力发电机的原型，如今到处都能看到这些发电机。
Now a lot of things have happened since Henrik and other pioneers took the first steps back in the 1970s.
从亨里克和其他先驱在1970年代迈出第一步到现在发生了许多事情。
In 1991, we built the first offshore wind farm in the world called Vindeby.
在1991年，我们建造了全球第一座海上风力发电厂：温德比发电厂。
Eleven turbines, 54 meters tall.
11部高达54米的风力发电机。
That was considered a landmark.
这被认为是一个里程碑式的事件。
They were huge.
它们很大。
Today, of course, they seem pretty tiny.
当然在如今看来它们非常小。
This is Kriegers Flak.
这是KriegersFlak发电厂。
That's the biggest offshore wind farm in Denmark now.
这是现今丹麦最大的海上发电厂。
72 turbines, 188 meters tall, each of them.
72座风力发电机，每座发电机188米高。
To give you a comparison, that's twice the height of the Statue of Liberty.
对比一下，这是自由女神像的两倍。
Every time one of those turbines has one rotation of the blades, it creates enough electricity to charge more than 1,400 cell phones.
一座风力发电机的叶片每转一次，就能产生足够为1400部手机充电的电力。
The park itself covers the electricity demand of 600,000 households.
这座发电厂覆盖了60万家庭的用电需求。
So the story of wind power in Denmark is the story about how one turbine, on one farm sparked a transformation that influenced the whole country.
所以丹麦的风力发电历史就是一座在农场里的风力发电机如何影响整个国家的故事。
We, of course, now hope, small as we may be, that we can spark a transformation that will also affect other countries.
我们现在希望即便渺小如我们，也能够用这一转变来影响其他国家。
We are a green frontrunner, but we need to do more because at the same time, we rank number one in the EU,
我们是绿色能源的先驱者，但我们需要做更多，因为我们现在是欧盟第一大石油生产国，
or at least as one of the biggest oil producers, in the EU.
或者至少是欧盟最大石油生产国之一。
This has to change.
这种情况必须改变。
And it will.
也必将改变。
Last year, the Danish government and the Danish parliament made an important decision.
去年，丹麦政府以及国会做出了一项重要决定。
We've decided to put an end date on extraction of oil and gas in 2050 and immediately cancel all future licensing rounds.
我们决定在2050年停止开采石油及天然气，并且即刻停止为所有开采颁发许可。
That wasn't an easy decision.
这并不是一个容易的决定。
When we made the decision, we were the biggest oil producer in the EU.
在做出这个决定时，我们是欧盟最大的石油生产国。
But the reason we made it, even though it was expensive, was because we need to show the world that there are actually alternatives to oil and gas.
我们做出这个决定的原因是，即使会付出巨大的经济代价，我们也要向全世界展示还有其他的能源可以替代石油和天然气。
Now, some of you are probably thinking that sounds very good, but how will you do it?
现在或许你们当中有人在想：这听上去很棒，但你们要怎么做呢？
What do you do the days when the wind doesn't blow?
没有风的时候你们怎么办？
And what about the parts of our energy system that cannot be electrified?
如果部分能源系统无法电气化，你们怎么办？
Surely you cannot fly a jet plane without jet fuels?
飞机没有了燃油肯定没办法飞吧？
Surely you cannot sail a big container ship without bunker oil?
大型集装箱货船没有了燃油肯定也没办法开吧？
But actually, you can.
但实际上，你可以。
This is an electrolyzer.
这是一个电解槽。
The photo is from a visit I paid a factory in Denmark a few weeks ago.
这张照片是我几周前参观丹麦的一座工厂时拍的。
So it's not a prototype, it's not a model in a lab.
所以这不是样机，也不是实验室里的模型。
It's a functioning machine, it's a commercial product.
这是一台运转正常的机器，它是一个商业产品。
What does it do?
它是干什么的呢？
It transforms electricity into hydrogen.
它将电能转化为氢气。
And that, friends, that's the game changer.
朋友们，这是真正的变革。
Because it makes it possible for us to solve two problems we have with wind energy.
因为它使我们有可能解决我们在风能方面的两个问题。
One, we can now store the energy for when the wind is not blowing.
第一，我们现在可以在没有风的时候储存能源。
And two, we can now decarbonize parts of our energy system that we couldn't decarbonize before.
第二，我们现在可以将之前能源系统中无法脱碳的部分进行脱碳处理，
Because the hydrogen can be transformed into green fuels.
因为氢气可以转化成绿色燃料。
Imagine that.
想象一下。
The wind in the North Sea is transformed by a turbine into electricity.
北海的风被发电机转化成电能。
The electrolyzer transforms that into hydrogen, and the hydrogen is then made into green,
电解器把电能转化成氢气，氢气又被制成绿色、可持续的燃料，
sustainable fuels that we can use to sail our ships and fly our planes.
这个燃料就可以用来开船、开飞机了。
I know it sounds like science fiction, but actually it's just science.
我知道这听起来像是科幻小说，但实际上这只是科学。
Now in order for us to do that at a scale that we need, we will need a lot of renewable energy.
现在，为了达到我们想要的规模，我们需要很多可再生能源。
We will need to massively expand our offshore wind capacity.
我们需要大量地扩展海上发电厂的容量。
And in Denmark, we're doing just that.
在丹麦，我们正在做这件事。
A very important part of that strategy is to build the world's first energy island.
这个战略中很重要的一部分是建造全世界第一座能源岛。
This is a simulation of what it may end up looking like.
这是我们最终畅想的模拟图：
80 kilometers out in the sea, the size of 64 football fields, the biggest infrastructure investment in Danish history.
距离海岸80千米以外，有64个足球场那么大，丹麦历史上最大的基础设施投资。
We're changing literally the map of our country.
我们可以说是改变了丹麦的版图。
Hundreds of wind turbines around it.
围绕丹麦增加数百个风力发电机。
When fully scaled, it'll be able to generate 10 gigawatts of green electricity.
当它们全力运转时，会产生约百亿瓦特的绿色电力。
Now 10 gigawatts, that's enough to cover the demand of 10 million households.
百亿瓦特的电力足以支持一千万个家庭的用电。
That's far more than we need in Denmark, which is good news, because then we can use it to make the hydrogen, to make the green fuels,
这远远超过了丹麦的需求，这是个好消息，因为我们可以用它来制造氢气，制造绿色燃料，
and we can export it to other countries and thereby help them decarbonize their energy systems.
我们可以将其出口到其他国家，从而帮助他们实现能源系统的脱碳。
Some of you are probably thinking, "What does this have to do with the Vikings?"
你们有人或许在想，“这些和维京人有什么关系？”
But do you know what it was that made the Vikings so successful?
但你知道是什么让维京人如此成功吗？
How they managed to go to Greenland?
他们是怎样到达格陵兰的？
How they managed to sail to America 500 years before Christopher Columbus?
怎么做到在哥伦布前500年便踏上了美洲的土地？
Their secret?
他们的秘诀是什么？
They exploited the wind.
他们的秘诀是利用风。
They put tremendous effort into making efficient sails, and it took as a long time for them to make a sail as it did to build a ship,
他们花了很大力气制作高效的帆，他们制作船帆和造船的时间一样长。
and it was just as important.
船帆就是如此重要。
And that brings me to my main point.
这就引出了我的观点。
We need, as the Vikings did 1,000 years ago, to change the world by finding new and more efficient ways of exploiting the energy.
我们需要像维京人1000年前那样，像他们那样寻找新的、更加有效的方法去改变这个世界，去使用能源。
This time, with slightly better haircuts --
只不过这回我们的发型更好看些——
and the motivation that lies in the fact that this may be our biggest chance of making a positive difference in fighting climate change.
我们如此做的动机是现在也许是我们对抗气候变化做出积极改变的最好时机。
Now, some people will probably tell you that a small country cannot make a big difference.
有人也许会说，小国家不可能做出大贡献。
I beg to differ.
我不敢苟同。
When a young man like Henrik could make a difference for a whole country,
如果像亨里克这样的年轻人能对整个国家产生如此大影响，
why not also believe that a country like Denmark can make a difference for a whole world?
为什么像丹麦这样的国家就不能对整个世界产生积极的影响呢？
We can't do it alone, but we can do a lot.
我们无法独自完成，但我们能做很多。
By innovating, by creating new technology and new solutions, by exploiting something that is much bigger than ourselves, the forces of nature.
通过创新，通过创造新的技术以及解决方案，通过使用比我们自己更庞大的东西——大自然的力量。
If you ask the International Energy Agency,
如果你问国际能源署，
they will tell you that offshore wind has the potential to cover the current electricity demand of the entire world, not once, not twice, 18 times.
他们会告诉你，海上发电有潜力覆盖整个世界目前的电力需求，不单单是能满足，也不止满足2倍，而是18倍。
So when you go to Denmark, you'll meet a Dane.
所以当你到了丹麦，遇到一位丹麦人，
After you have said something nice about our football team,
在跟她赞美一番丹麦足球队后，
try and ask her, "How do you think we should solve the climate crisis?"
试着问她：“你认为我们应该如何解决气候危机？”
Chances are, she will say, "The answer, my friend, is literally blowing in the wind."
她很可能会说，“我的朋友，答案就在风中飘荡。”
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