Hello!

你好！

This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Yutaro in Japan about how to summarize what you hear or read.

本周，在《名师答疑》节目中，我们回答了日本宇太郎关于如何总结你所听到或读到的内容的问题。

Dear Teacher,

亲爱的老师：

I enjoy listening to VOA Learning English every night.

我喜欢每晚听VOA慢速英语。

I have a question about "summarizing."

我有一个关于“总结”的问题。

How do I summarize a speech, paper, or other text I've listened to?

如何总结我听过的演讲、论文或其他文本？

I have to improve my summary skills to pass the upcoming entrance exam.

我必须提高我的总结能力才能通过即将到来的入学考试。

Thank you for writing to us, Yutaro.

谢谢你写信给我们，宇太郎。

I'm happy to answer this question.

我很高兴回答这个问题。

"Summarize" is the verb form of the word "summary."

“Summarize”是“summary”一词的动词形式。

A summary briefly explains the main ideas of a piece of writing or a speech but does not include all the details.

一个总结简要解释了一篇文章或一篇演讲的主要思想，但不包括所有细节。

It is often only one or two paragraphs long.

通常只有一两段长。

Being able to summarize is a useful skill to have, not only for passing exams but also for working in professions.

能够总结是一项有用的技能，不仅对于通过考试，而且对于从事专业工作也是如此。

To summarize well, you need to separate the main ideas from less important details.

为了很好地总结，你需要将主要思想与不太重要的细节分开。

You can use the following method to do this:

您可以使用以下方法来执行此操作：

First, read or listen to the material one time without writing any notes.

首先，阅读或聆听材料一次，不写任何笔记。

This will help your mind focus on understanding the ideas.

这将帮助您的大脑专注于理解这些想法。

Next, read or listen again.

接下来，再次阅读或收听。

But this time, write notes and be sure to identify the main ideas along with some details.

但这次，请写笔记，并确保识别主要想法和一些细节。

You can mark main ideas by putting a star next to them, underlining them, or using a colored pen to mark them.

你可以通过在主要想法旁边放一颗星、在它们下面划线或使用彩色笔标记它们来标记它们。

Next, take a separate piece of paper and try to write only the main ideas.

接下来，拿一张单独的纸，尝试只写主要想法。

Then, decide which details are necessary to include so that the main ideas are clear.

然后，决定需要包含哪些细节，以便主要想法清晰。

Remember, in a summary, you cannot include every detail.

请记住，在总结中，你不能包括所有细节。

This is sometimes difficult to do at first and requires careful thought.

这有时一开始很难做到，需要仔细思考。

If you can, let a few hours pass between the time when you first take notes and the time when you write the main ideas.

如果可以的话，请在第一次做笔记和写下主要想法之间间隔几个小时。

This is a good way to see if you can remember and organize the main points in your mind.

这是一个很好的方法，可以看看你是否能记住和组织你的脑海中的要点。

You can also try the following method to prepare a summary:

你还可以尝试以下方法来准备总结：

Try to explain the material as if you were talking about it with your friends or family.

尝试像与朋友或家人谈论它一样解释这些材料。

In those situations, you would naturally just focus on the main ideas and possibly add a few important details.

在这些情况下，你自然只会专注于主要思想，并可能添加一些重要的细节。

Practice explaining the ideas by speaking out loud.

通过大声说出来练习解释想法。

When you speak, you will probably discover the things you can explain clearly and those things you need to check again.

当你说话的时候，你可能会发现哪些事情你可以解释清楚，哪些事情你需要再次检查。

Finally, you can write the summary, keeping in mind the way you presented the main ideas when you spoke about them.

最后，你可以写总结，记住你在谈论主要观点时表达的方式。

For our readers and listeners, do you have a question about American English?

对于我们的读者和听众，您有关于美式英语的问题吗？

Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.

请发送电子邮件至learningenglish@voanews.com。

And that's Ask a Teacher.

以上就是本期《名师答疑》的全部内容。

I'm Andrew Smith.

安德鲁·史密斯为您播报。