动词不定式

　　不定式：to + 动词原形

　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

　　动词不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

　　动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：

句法作用	例句
作宾语	She wanted to borrowed my radio. They began to read and write.
作状语	She went to see her grandma last Sunday . He came to give us a talk yesterday.
作宾语补足语	Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked me to speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once . The father made his son study hard.
作定语	Have you got anything to say? I had something to eat this morning .
作主语	To learn a foreign language is not easy.

　　注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：

　　It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

　　It took us three days to do the work.

　　动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成.如:

　　Tell him not to be late.

　　The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

　　4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：

　　Let me listen to you sing the song.

　　He watched his son play computer games.

　　I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

　　The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.

　　5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

　　 动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：

　　The question is when to start.

　　I don't know where to go .

　　He showed me how to use a computer.

　　What to do is a big problem.