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6.with+(n) +其它 (1) He stood there with arms crossed before him.（过去分词短语） 他双手抱臂的站着。 (2) The woman is settling on a chair with a baby in her arms（介词短语） 这个女人手里抱着孩子坐在椅子上。 (3) In summer I like sleeping with windows open.(a.) 夏天的时候我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。 7.make sb do → sb be made to do (主补) （主动去to）（宾补） （被动加to） make sb/sth +(a) 宾补 have sb do让某人去做某事 have sth done 某事被别人做了（让别人<而不是自己>去做某事） (1) Her jokes made us all laugh. → We all were made to laugh by her jokes.我们都被她的笑话逗乐了。 (2) The news made her happy.这条消息让她非常开心。 (3) The professor had me make an experiment.教授让我做实验。 (4) I had my hair cut last week.上周我剪了头发。 8.倒装句 ①scarcely…when… Scarcely had I entered the room when the telephone rang. 我刚进屋子里，电话铃就响了。 ②only+状语引出一个句子时，该句词序必须倒装，将助动词移到主语之前。 Only in this way can you solve the problem. 只有用这个方法你才能解决问题。 Only john is my close friend.只有约翰才是我的密友。 ③as引导的让步状语从句，表语倒装 Pretty as she is, she is not intelligent.她虽然很漂亮但是不聪明。 尤其注意：单数的可数名词作表语，放在句首时不加任何冠词。 Child as he is, he has been admitted by a university. 虽然他还是个孩子但是被一所大学录取了。 ④句首为so/nor/neither等副词，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时，句子用倒装结构。 I saw the movie last year. So did my brother.我去年看了那个电影。我的弟弟也是。 My father can't speak English, neither/nor can my mother.我的爸爸不会讲英语，我的母亲也不会 9.It is/was +被强调部分+that/who…(强调句) ①It is Xiaoming that/who broke the window.打碎玻璃的正是小明。 ②It is English that I like best.我最喜欢的是英语。 ③It is in Shanghai that the movie will be shown.那部电影正是要在上海放映。 10.It is no use+ ving做某事是没有用处的 It is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶已经打翻。 |
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11.not only…but also…/either…or/neither…nor等 并列连词短语连接并列主语时，谓语（要依照主谓一致原则）。 Neither he nor I am an engineer.他和我都不是工程师。 Neither I nor he is an engineer. 12. It is thought/said/reported/decided/expected/announced…that (it为形式主语，整个句式为被动结构)。 It is said that his father is a very famous writer. 据说他的父亲是非常有名的作家。 13.No matter + 引导词引导的让步状语从句。Who/what/where/how/if等。 No matter where you are,I'll follow you. →Wherever you are, I'll follow you. 14.where 作连接(ad)"在……的地方""到……的地方" Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 Put it where we can all see it.放到我能看到的地方。 15.such…that/so…that/so that It is such hot day that few people go out.这是如此炎热的天气以至于很少有人外出。 The day is so hot that few people go out. He gets up very early so that he can catch the first bus.他起的很早，是为了赶上第一班车。 |
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16.rather than与其……不如……（肯定其前，否定其后） He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师，不如说他是作家。 He lay rather than sat in his armchair. 与其说他是坐在扶手椅里，不如说他已躺在里边。 17.be of +(n) →be+(a) Family is of great importance to everybody. 对每个来说家庭都是非常重要的。 18.not all 表示部分否定 Not all of us are students. 我们并不都是学生。 19.强调动词do (does/did) She does like watching TV.她的确喜欢看电视。 We do hope that you'll go with us .我们的确希望你能和我们一起去。 20.needn't+ have+ vpp本来没有必要做某事（事实上已经做了） should+ have+ vpp 本来应该做过某事的（事实上没做） You needn't+ have watered the flowers. It's going to rain. 本来你是没有必要浇花的，天就要下雨了。 You should have finished the task before 1st September.你本来在9月1日之前完成任务的。 |
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21.as+(a)+a/an+(n)+as 和某人/物一样的一个人/物 The little boy wants to be as great a scientist as Newton. 小孩想要成为和牛顿一样伟大的科学家。 22.the+比较级+(s+ v)the +比较级+(s +v) The harder he works, the happier he feels. 他工作越努力，他就约感到开心。 23.not so much…as 与其说……不如说…… His success is not so much by chance as by energy. 他的成功与其说是由于机遇，不如说是由于努力。 24.常用短语no more(than)不比……多→ 仅仅；同……一样不…… no less(than)不比……少→不亚于；同……一样不…… no longer(than)不再 no better (than)不比……好（多少）→几乎等于…… I could no more do that than you. 我和你一样不能做那件事。 The factory is no better than a home workshop. 这座工厂几乎等于一个家庭作坊。 25.have no choice but to v.别无选择，只能…… The child has no choice but to brush his teeth and wash his face. 孩子别无选择只能自己刷牙洗脸。 |
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26.A is characteristic of B A是B所特有的，A是B的特征。 ①Windy days are characteristic of March. 经常刮风是三月份的特征。 ②Honesty is characteristic of children. 诚实是儿童的特征。 27.(It is)not that…but that…不是因为……而是因为…… Not that I'm unwilling to see a film, but that I have no time. 不是因为我不愿意看电影，而是因为我没有时间。 28.can't help + ving 禁不住做某事；不由得做某事。 She is so happy that she can't help singing a song. 她是如此的开心以至于情不自禁的唱起歌来。 |
