First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person．Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor----who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn．But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another．Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else．When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself．He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque on which its customer's signature has been forged．It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature．For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques．If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer
CORDON BARRIE and AUBREY L．DIAMOND The Consumer Society and the Law
New words and expressions生词和短语
current(1.1)['kʌrənt] adj．通用的，流行的
complication (1.6)[ˌkɔmpliˈkeiʃən] n.纠纷
account(1.1)[ə'kaunt] n.账户
debit(1.9)['debit] v.把……记入借方
cash(1.2)[kæʃ] n.现金
specimen(1.10)['spesimən] n．样本
cheque(1.2)[tʃek] n.支票
forge(1.12)[fɔ:dʒ] v.伪造
debtor(1.3) ['detə] n.借方
forgery(1.12)['fɔ:dʒəri] n.伪造（文件，签名等）
creditor (1.3)['kreditə]n．贷方
adopt (1.13)[əˈdɔpt] v.采用
obligation (1.5)[ˌɔbliˈɡeiʃən] n．义务
facilitate(1.14)[ fə'srlrteit] v．使便利
Notes on the text课文注释
1open a current account, 开一个活期账号。
2draw a cheque in favour of…, 开一张以……为收款人的支票。
3who is which depending on …is overdrawn, 这是现在分词短语 depending on… is overdrawn 的独立主格结构。who is which 是分词短语意思上的主语， which代表 debtor or creditor。
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible．Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1What is meant by the statement that‘the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor’?(11.2-3)
2Quote a sentence from the second paragraph which illustrates this statement:‘a bank customer… cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.’(11.6-7)
3Why does a customer give the bank specimens of his signature when he first opens an account?
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: cash (1.2);primarily (1.2); debtor(1.3); creditor(1.3); in credit (1.4); concept (1.4);give rise to (11.5-6);specimens(1.10); forged(1.12);facilitates(1.14).
The paragraph段落
AWrite a sentence in your own words expressing what you consider to be the main idea in the first paragraph of the passage.
BWhich of these sentences best expresses the main idea in the second paragraph? Give reasons for your choice:
1The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.
2The bank must honour a cheque even when the signature on it has been forged．
3The bank must always recognize its customer's signature.
CThe following sentences have been taken from the second paragraph (lines 8-15)．Arrange them in their correct order．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.
2For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.
3It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature.
4If this facilitates forgery it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.
5He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque on which its customer's signature has been forged．
6When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.
Key structures关键句型
ANote the way these two sentences have been combined:
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money．He may demand repayment of it at any time.
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time．(11.1-2)
Combine the following sentences using which:
1The bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque．Its customer's signature on it has been forged．(11.10-12)
2The source is very reliable．I obtained this information from it.
3We have certain principles．We should act on them.
BCompare these two sentences:
Instead of saying: The banker-customer relationship is a relationship of debtor and creditor.
We can say: The banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor．(11.2-3)
Rewrite these sentences using that of:
1I am not referring to our policy but to the policy of our opponents.
2The only system I know which will help you to remember what you have heard at a lecture is the system of keeping notes.
CCompare these two sentences:
Instead of saying: He instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques which have been drawn by himself.
We can say: He instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself．(11.9-10)
Rewrite these sentences in the same way:
1The exhibition consists entirely of pictures which have been painted by young children.
2The report on education which has been prepared by a government committee will soon be published．
3According to the regulations, income which has been earned overseas will be taxed．
Special difficulties难点
AStudy the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1current (1.1) ---- currant
I can't keep up with current fashions.
Corinth produces some of the world's finest currants.
2lend (1.1) ---- borrow
Can you lend me ￡20 please? I'll pay it back tomorrow.
Can I borrow ￡20 from you please?
3in favour of (1.2) ---- for the sake of
Are you in favour of the death penalty?
They both endured a bad marriage for years for the sake of the children.
4whether (1.3) ---- weather
I don't know whether you've heard the news.
What's the weather like today?
5loaded (1.7) ---- laden
The camera has a sensor that flashes when a film has not been correctly loaded．
The poor woman was so laden with household shopping, she could hardly step up to get on the bus.
6else (1.8) ---- other
Take this back and exchange it for something else.
There must be other ways of approaching this problem.
7specimen(l.10) ---- example
The research collection at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew has six-and-a-half million dried plant specimens.
The fall of Rome in 410 AD is an example of how even the greatest empires decay.
8customer (1.11) ---- client
During the sales, the department stores are full of customers.
Small clients demand the same service from their bank as large clients.
9cheque (1.11) ---- check
You can pay by cheque if you want to．(British English)
You can pay by check if you want to．(American English)
10adopted (1.13) ---- adapted
We have adopted the same sort of assembly methods they use in Japan.
We have adapted the assembly system they use in Japan to suit our circumstances here.
11print (l.14) ---- type
I'll print these letters on my laser printer.
I'll ask my secretary to type those letters for you.
BExplain the meaning of the word account in these sentences:
1When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money．(1.1)
2I can't settle my account until next month.
3How do you account for his change of attitude?
4He gave an interesting account of his travels in China.
5Please don't go to all this trouble on my account.
6Trains were delayed on account of the bad weather.
CNote how say has been used in the sense of for example in this sentence:
A bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him．(11.6-7)
Write two sentences using say in this way.
DNote that the verb obey is not followed by a preposition:
The bank must obey its customer's instructions．(1.8)
Write sentences using the following verbs: enter, discuss, reach, and leave.
EWrite sentences using the following words and phrases: in addition to (1.4); a large number of (1.5); unlike (1.6); in respect of (1.9); for this reason (1.13).
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension理解
1When you have a bank account, you ______
a．can't draw any money if you're overdrawn
b．must always be in credit
c．can draw money without notice
d．can't pay money to anyone else
2One of the obligations a bank has to a customer _______.
a．is that it can't take instructions from other people
b．is that it can avoid complications and problems
c．it must pay money to the customer even if he is seriously overdrawn
d．it must print the customer's signature
3If someone forged your signature and drew money from your account ________.
a．you would lose your money
b．you wouldn't lose your money
c．the bank wouldn't lose any money
d．the bank would always pay money to the forger
4Which of these statements is true?
a．It doesn't matter to a customer if the bank prints his name on cheques.
b．Banks never print the names of customers on cheques.
c．It's easy to forge a signature on a cheque which prints a customer's name.
d．Banks always lose money when they print customers' names on cheques.
Structure句型
5He may demand repayment of _____ at any time．(11.1-2)
a．you
b．them
c．it
d．some
6The bank becomes a creditor if the _____ is overdrawn．(1.4)
a．account of a customer's
b．account of a customers'
c．account of a customer
d．customers' account
7The bank _______ obey its customer's instructions．(1.8)
a．is necessary to
b．may
c．can always
d．is obliged to
8Banks print names on cheques ______ risk to their customers.
a．without
b．without no
c．without some
d．without none
Vocabulary词汇
9When a customer is overdrawn, he has _____ money ______ the bank．(11.1-4)
a．lent … to
b．lent …from
c．borrowed … from
d．borrowed … to
10If you are a debtor, someone _______．(1.3)
a．has lent money to you
b．has borrowed money from you
c．owes money to you
d．will receive money from you
11The bank must _______ its customer's instructions．(1.8)
a．follow
b．obey to
c．hear
d．listen
12He gives the bank ______ of his signature．(1.10)
