First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答问题。
What is the author's main argument about the modern city?
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected．Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible．It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and 5without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory．The great cities have been built with no regard for us．The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them．This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded 10 together．Civilized men like such a way of living．While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life．The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds．Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using by great crowds（1.13）.
The paragraph段落
A Which of these statements best expresses the author's main argument? Give reasons for your choice:
1Modern cities have not been planned for the good of their inhabitants.
2Man is obsessed by the desire for profit.
3Great cities, like modern factories, impose on us an artificial way of life.
B The following sentences are taken from lines 1-6．Arrange them in their correct order．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected．
It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.
Key structures 关键句型
AGive the correct form of the verbs in parentheses．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers completely ______(neglect)．Modern industry ______(base) on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible．It ______(expand) without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who (run) the machines, and without ______(give) any consideration to the effect produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory．The great cities ______(build) with no regard for us．(11.1-6)
BStudy the pattern in italics in this sentence:
Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may (or might) earn as much money as possible．(11.2-4)
Complete the following sentences:
1He is attending English classes in order that ______.
2She works very hard in order that ______.
3The Prime Minister has gone abroad in order that ______.
CNote the phrase in italics: ‘In order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.’ (11.3-4)
Write sentences using the following phrases:
as many as possible; as far as possible; as few as possible; as little as possible.
DWrite sentences using the following expressions:
influence upon (1.1); based on (1.2); the true nature of (1.4); mode of (1.6); regard for (1.6); depend on (1.7); the necessity of (1.7); deprived of (1.11); consist of (1.11); full of (1.12).
ECompare these two sentences:
Instead of saying : Although they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life.
We can say: While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life．(11.10-11)
Complete the following sentences using your own words:
1While we are less concerned ______.
2While modern cities have grown in size ______.
3While factory conditions have improved ______.
Special difficulties难点
A Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1physiological (1.1) ---- psychological
The doctor could not find any physiological cause of his illness.
John says he's got some sort of virus, but I'm sure it's psychological.
2neglect (1.2) ---- ignore
Heavy drinking is one reason why some people neglect themselves.
I won't accept any responsibility if you choose to ignore my advice.
3modern (1.2) ---- contemporary
The original supermarkets were small by modern standards.
I have no interest at all in contemporary Japanese prints.
4earn (1.3) ---- win
He earns nearly 45,000 dollars a year.
Who do you think will win the next election?
5please (1.8) ---- beg
It pleases me to say that we got what we wanted as a result of taking your advice.
I beg you to consider carefully before you make up your mind．
BNote this use of per in the sense of for each:
The necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground ..．(11.7-8)
Write sentences using the following expressions:
per mile; per hour; per person; per yard; per cent.
CExplain the meaning of the verb crowd in these sentences:
1Large masses of human beings are crowded together．(11.9-10)
2When it began to rain, everyone crowded into the building.
3He crowded a lot of information into the last chapter.
DWhat is the plural of the following words:
necessity; mass; bus; gas; lorry; taxicab; city.
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension理解
1The purpose of modern industry is to ______.
a．produce as much as possible as cheaply as possible
b．ignore the mental and physical state of the workers
c．enable individuals to earn as much money as possible
d．achieve maximum production regardless of cost
2Factories require people to ______.
a．run machines without thinking
b．lead an unnatural way of life
c．ignore the effects produced on individuals
d．take into account the true nature of human beings
3According to the writer, some people who live in modern cities ______.
a．try to obtain maximum income from property
b．are responsible for the shape and dimension of skyscrapers
c．take pleasure in living in the conditions a city imposes
d．offer tenants offices and apartments that please them
4The writer believes that conditions in modern cities ______.
a．have caused the construction of gigantic buildings
b．are deprived of the necessities of life
c．are comfortable and luxurious
d．are actively harmful to the inhabitants
Structure句型
5It is based on maximum production ______earn as much as possible．(11.2-3)
a．for individuals to
b．so as individuals
c．for individuals
d．in order individuals
6It has expanded with ______idea of the true nature of human beings．(1.4)
a．little
b．few
c．some
d．no
7This caused the construction of gigantic buildings ______too large masses ..．(1.9)
a．at which
b．on which
c．to which
d．in which
8______ they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling ..．(11.10-11)
a．During
b．Though
c．At the time
d．When
Vocabulary词汇
9The ______of the factory on workers has been completely neglected．(11.1-2)
a．effect
b．affection
c．extent
d．measurement
10The city has ______without any idea of the true nature of human beings．(1.4)
a．grown up
b．grown
c．been grown
d．been grown up
11They are ______the necessities of life．(1.11)
a．denied
b．refused
c．discarded
d．ignored
12The modern city ______monstrous edifices and dark narrow streets．(11.11-12)
