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A study by the University of Nebraska found that these so-called "dark side" qualities in moderation enhance people's ability to command.
由内布拉斯加大学所做的一项研究发现，有节制地运用所谓人类“阴暗面”品质能够提高人们的指挥能力。
The researchers came to their conclusions after studying the development of 900 army cadet officers over a three-year period at the US Military Academy at West Point, New York.
研究人员对位于纽约的美国军事学院西点军校的900名陆军军官学员进行为期三年的调查研究，做出此项研究结论。
"We chose to investigate so-called subclinical or 'dark side' traits because we really didn't know much about how and to what degree they affected performance or development," said Professor Peter Harms, the study's lead author. "Was it possible that they might be beneficial in some contexts? For some of them, it turns out that the answer was yes."
研究主要人员、皮特 哈姆斯教授说：“我们选择这些所谓的亚临床或‘阴暗面’品质进行研究，是因为我们不知道它们是如何影响人们的领导发挥或个人发展，以及它们的影响程度。在某种情况下，它们真的有益吗？（研究表明，）一些 “阴暗面”品质的确有益于人们的发展。”
The study found, for example, that being overly skeptical was uniformly bad for performance and development. But having a very cautious or hesitant nature was associated with both increased performance and developing leadership skills over time.
研究发现，例如，过度疑心同样会有害于个人发挥和发展。但是长时间而言，谨慎小心以及三思而后行的品质有利于个人发挥和领导能力的发展。
The study used the Hogan Development Survey, a personality test designed to pick up on negative traits.
研究使用的是霍根发展调查方法、一种性格测试进行了解这些负面品质。
Several of the 12 "dark side" traits - such as those associated with narcissism, being overly dramatic, being critical of others and being extremely focused on complying with rules - actually improved the leadership abilities of the recruits.
12个“阴暗面”品质中的一些特征实际上能够提高招聘员工者的领导能力，如自恋情结、情绪过度戏剧化、对他们极端苛刻以及过度遵守规则。
"By themselves, these subclinical traits had fairly small effects, but when aggregated, they played a substantial role in determining which cadets developed leadership skills," Prof Harms said. "Assumptions about how these traits affected performance and development were mistaken.Iit appears that even negative characteristics can be adaptive in particular settings or job roles."
哈姆斯教授说：“这些临床（阴暗面）品质本身影响力极小，但是一旦聚集在一起，它们对西点军校军官领导能力发展起到至关重要的作用。 过去人们一直误解这些阴暗面品质对人们的领导发挥和个人发展方面的重要影响 …… （但是，）研究看起来就算是负面品质也能适应一些特定环境中或工作角色。”
That's not to say that large doses of these traits will make someone a great leader.
但是并不是说，大量使用这些“阴暗面”品质会使一个人成为伟大领导。
"Organizations should take these 'dark side' traits into account when making decisions concerning training and promotion," Prof Harms said. The 12 negative traits under the Hogan Development Survey are volatility, mistrustfulness, cautiousness, detachment, passivity, aggressiveness, arrogance, manipulativeness, being overdramatic, eccentricity, perfectionism and dependency.
哈姆斯教授说：“一些组织在进行培训和提拔职员的时候应该考虑到这些‘阴暗面’品质。霍根发展调查方法测试出来的12个负面特征是反复无常、疑心重、谨慎小心、超然、顺从、攻击性、傲慢、 强烈控制欲、过度戏剧化、怪癖、完美主义和依赖性。 |
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