一、名词性从句名词性从句主要分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。<一>主语从句 1.that引导的主语从句 that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末,在实际应用中我们常常采用it形式主语的形式。 例句:That he passed the English test is true. 千真万确,他通过了英语考试。 →It is true that he passed the English test. 2.形式主语的四个主要句型 (1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 例:It is a pity that…可惜的是 可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question等。 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句 例:It is certain that… 很肯定 可应用于此句型的形容词还有clear / better / natural / important 等。 (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 例:It is said that…据说 可应用于此句型的过去分词还有believed / known / reported等。 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 例:It seems that…好像是 可应用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen / appear 等。 3.wh-引导的主语从句 例句:Where we will go hasn’t been decided. 我们要去哪儿还没定下来。<二>宾语从句 1.that引导的宾语从句 that常用来引导宾语从句,通常that可以省略。 例句:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that从句常用“(should) + 动词原形”的结构(参考“虚拟语气”部分)。 2.wh-引导的宾语从句 例句:I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 3.形容词后面所跟的宾语从句 某些动态形容词(afraid、confident、aware、certain、sure、doubtful等)在句中做表语时,后面可跟宾语从句。 例句:I am confident that I can get the job. 我有信心我可以得到这份工作。<三>表语从句 1.that引导的表语从句 基本结构:主语 + 系动词 + that从句 例句:The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句 例句:That is why I tell you the news.. 那就是我为什么告诉你这个消息的原因。 3.从属连词as if、because、just as等引导的表语从句 例句:It is because I have ever heard of the story. 那是因为我曾经听说过这个故事。<四>同位语从句同位语从句通常由that引导 可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。 例句:The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。二、定语从句<一>引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词
|
关系词 |
修饰先行词 |
例句 | 关系代词 |
that |
人 / 物 | Do you know the man that / who is talking to my brother?
你认识和我哥哥聊天的那个人吗? |
which |
物 | The book that / which I borrowed from John is very interesting.
我从John那借来的书很有趣儿。 |
who |
人 | I don’t know the man that / who is waiting for you at the gate.
我不认识在大门口等你的人。 |
whom |
人 | The man that / whom you met in the supermarket is Tom’s father.
你在超市遇见的那个人是Tom的父亲。 |
whose |
人 / 物 | Do you know the man whose wife is injured in a car accident?
你认识那个在车祸中妻子受伤的人吗? | 关系副词 |
when |
时间 | I will never forget the day when I met you.
我永远忘不了我遇见你的那一天。 |
where |
地点 | That is the school where I have studied for 6 years.
那就是我学习了六年的学校。 |
how |
方式 | I have forgot the way how to get to the railway station.
我已经忘了去火车站的路。 |
why |
原因 | That is the reason why he didn’t come.
那就是他没来的原因。 | <二>that和which引导定语从句的区别 1.不用that的情况 (1)在引导非限定性定语从句时 例句:He can speak English fluently,which impressed me most. 他的英语讲得很流利,给我留下了深刻印象。 (2) 介词后不能用 例句:This is the house in which I have lived for 2 years. 这就是我居住了两年的房子。 2.只能用that引导定语从句的情况 (1)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, something, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。例句:There is nothing that we can use. 这里没什么我们可用的东西。 (2)先行词有no, the only, the very, some修饰时,只用that。 例句:This is the very man that I want to meet. 这正是我要见的人。 (3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只用that。.例句:That is the most important thing that I want to know. 那是我想知道的最重要的事。三、状语从句状语从句的分类及各种连词
分类 |
连词 |
例句 | 时间状语从句 | after, before, as soon as, since, when, till, while等 | I was reading when he entered the room.
当他进来的时候我正在读书。 | 地点状语从句 | Where, wherever等 | I have put the book where it was.
我已经把书放在原位了。 | 原因状语从句 | because, as, since, for等 | I don’t want to go because I am tired of any party.
我不想去因为我已经厌倦了任何宴会。 | 条件状语从句 | if, unless, as long as, so long as等 | If you have known the news, please tell me now.
如果你已经知道了这个消息,请现在告诉我。 | 让步状语从句 | though,although,however等 | I will not trust you although you have told me the truth.
尽管你已经告诉了我真相,我也不会信任你的。 | 结果状语从句 | so that,so…that…, such…that…等 | He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.
他跑得如此之快,以至于没人能跟上他。 | 目的状语从句 | so that, in order that等 | I must leave now so that I can catch the last bus.
我必须立刻离开以便我能赶上末班车。 | 方式状语从句 | as, just as, as if, as though等 | We should do as the teacher told us.
我们应该按照老告诉我们的去做。 | 比较状语从句 | as…as…, not so…as, than等 | This house is bigger than that one.
这所房子比那所房子大。 |
|
历年真题及解析--从句
一、名词性从句1、—I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C
真题解析:本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
2、 ______ is no possibility _______ . Bob can win the first prize I the match. (上海2001春)
A、There; that B、It; what C、There; whether D、It; whether
答案A
真题解析:首先确定本句为存现句,因此应该用There be结构;然后从句子的结构和意义两方面分析可知,第二个空需要填一个引导同位语从句的连接词,且possibility为抽象名词,表达了明确的意义,所以用连词that。
3、A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do. ( NMET 2001)
A、how B、after C、what D、when
答案C
真题解析:本题考察名词性从句连接词的使用。从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what。
二、定语从句4、 The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (北京 2002春季)
A、where B、when C、which D、who
答案D
真题解析:本题考察定语从句关联词的选择,从句意可知先行词the famous basketball star(著名的篮球明星)是人,所以应用表示人的关联词who。
5、 The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
(NMET 2001)
A、until B、that C、when D、where
答案C
真题解析:本题考察定语从句的连接词,主句中的先行词the hours被其它成分分割,只要考生能够认清真正的先行词,就不难得出答案,the hours表示时间,所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词,即when。
6、_____ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. (NMET 2001)
A、It B、As C、That D、what
答案B
真题解析:本题考察as引导非限定性定语从句。as引导从句的意思是“正如……..”,引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子,当as在从句中充当主语时,常用下面的结构:as is know,as is said,as is reported
等,所以本题的答案是B。
三、状语从句7、 John shut everybody out of the kitchen _____ he could prepare his grand surprise for party. (NMET 2002)
A、which B、when C、so that D、as if
答案C
真题解析:本题考察so that引导目的状语从句。so that意思是“以便”,整句话的意思是“John把大家关在厨房外,其目的是为了自己能为宴会准备一件让人感到意外的东西。”所以正确答案为C。
8、 The man will have to wait all day _____ the doctor works faster. (京皖蒙2001春季)
A、if B、unless C、whether D、that
答案B
真题解析:本题考察unless引导条件状语从句。unless意思是“除非”,根据句意“这个人要等上整整一天,除非医生能够快一些。”所以答案选unless。
9、The WTO can’t live up to its name _____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (NMET 2000)
A、as long as B、while C、if D、even though
答案C
真题解析:本题考察if引导的条件状语从句。句中live up to意思是“配得上,对得起”,整句话的意思是“如果世贸组织不吸收一个拥有世界1/5人口的大国入会,这个组织就配不上她的名称。”,因此答案为C。
答案:C A C D C B C B C |
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