III、图表题(table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph)　　图表题的写作逻辑结构：

　　Paragraph I1)概括描述图表：趋势描写;

　　(2)具体描述图表：必要数据支持(细节性)。

　　Paragraph II1)提出自己理由和观点(本段主题句);

　　(2)细节性分论点(主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点)。

　　Paragraph III1)预测未来和提出解决方法;

　　(2)总结全文和表达作者自己观点

　　【标题】Changes in People’s Diet

　　Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to:

　　1. State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.

　　2. Give possible reasons for the changes.

　　3. Draw your own conclusion.

　　You should quote as few figures as possible.

　　【短文】Changes in People’s Diet

　　In the past five years there have been many changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased.

　　What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons. First, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldn’t afford them. Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk. Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the elements of their diet. They look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health.

　　In short, there have been changes in people’s diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future

　　【修改版】

　　As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.

　　There are two factors leading to the change. For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods. For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.

　　In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.

　　图表题的适用句型：

　　1. As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram, ...

　　2. The chart/ graph shows/ displays that ...

　　3. As can be shown in the table ...,

　　4. The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that ...,

　　5. It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that ...

　　V、谚语格言题逻辑结构

　　Paragraph I：(1)点明要阐释的谚语或名言( general );

　　(2)用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意思，有时有正反两面的逻(specific )。

　　Paragraph II：(1)作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度，即文章的论点句;

　　(2)支持性的细节分论点，举例子论证(至少两点，有时有正反两面的逻辑);

　　Paragraph III：总结全文，定下结论(通常为阐明其现实或更深远意义)。

　　Practice Makes Perfect

　　Practice is the key to success in all fields of activity. It is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something perfectly without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.

　　【改写为】An English proverb says/ One of the greatest men once remarked/ Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: "ractice makes perfect". It means that/ In other words, it is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.

　　Practice Makes Perfect(续)

　　Take the study of English for example. Only practice can enable us to spell words correctly and master the rules of grammar. And it is only through practice that we can become fluent in speaking and writing, there is no other way. Another good example is sports. Practice is the only way to become stronger and run faster. Besides, in team games practice is what improves our sense of cooperation and helps the team to win.

　　【改写为】History/ Our society abounds with the examples of "ractice makes perfect". ......(正反两方面都举例子) On the other hand/ On the contrary, no practice will only lead us to failure. There is hardly/ scarcely a man who can achieve success without practice. All evidence points to/ justifies/ lends supports to the fact that practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.

　　举例一般为：英语学习;体育锻炼

　　To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice.

　　【改写为】For us college students, the saying/ proverb has a profound and realistic significance: there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice

　　课后复习(self-study Program)

　　1、课堂讲解内容：体会用词艺术和丰富的句式

　　2、写作练习：2002年6月真题(Student Use of Computers)

　　3、记忆写作万能理由和基本表达

　　4、完型填空练习：完成Passage 1--Passage 3

　　做题步骤：

　　(1)通读全文，了解文章大意;

　　(2)初选答案(排除法、优选法);

　　(3)寻找线索;

　　(4)回头补缺;

　　(5)核实答案。

　　图表题：2002年6月考题

　　Topic: Student Use of Computers (at least 150 words)

　　1、 上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化;

　　2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);

　　3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

2002年6月的图表题作文：

　　As is shown by the bar graph, the average number of hours a student in a certain university spends on the computer per week increased dramatically over the period from 1990 to 2000. In 1990, it was less than two hours. And in 1995, it hit/ reach four hours. And in 2000, the number soared to(飞速上升) nearly twenty hours, which is over ten times than that of 1990.

　　注：soared to/ boom/ shoot up/ rocket/ jump 飞速上升

　　climb 上升很慢

　　shrink 下降，缩水

　　第一段还有一种写法：……In 1990, the number was less than 2 hours, while the figure hit 4 hours(或者这样写：while in 1995,)as compared with that of 1990, it had almost doubled. And what impress us most is that the figure soared to..., which…

　　Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular for males and for females. A multitude of factors could account for the rise. In the first place, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the rapid development of the internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact friends in remote places through the internet. In the second place, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enable more students to purchase them.

　　However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers an studying is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.

　　IV、书信题的写作方法：

　　(一)信封格式：

　　名字、信箱、地域范围由小到大，写在右下角(与我们相反)。

　　(二)信纸格式：

　　日期：背月份的缩写

　　称呼(后面的标点是逗号)ear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern,

　　正文：空4个字节或者顶格写，段与段之间空行)

　　签名：sincerely yours

　　书信写作的五点要求：

　　1、开门见山说意图

　　2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3、

　　3、不同内容可分段

　　4、感谢客气不可少

　　5、期待回信成老套

　　(三)开头段：

　　1、 告知对方你的身份(假如对方不认识你)

　　Dear Sir/ Mr. Prometheus,

　　I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department.

　　/ I am a… at your…

　　/ I am a … at your college, enrolled in the… course.

　　/ My name is…, I am…

　　2、 问候收信人(假如他/她是你的朋友)

　　Dear Prometheus,

　　Hello / Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine. / How are things going with you?

　　/ How are you getting on in / getting along with…..?

　　3、 解释写信的原因

　　(1) 致谢：

　　I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.

　　/ I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf.

　　/ Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada.

　　/ I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…

　　/ I would like to thank you most sincerely for…

(2) 抱怨：

　　I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room.

　　/ I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at…

　　/ I wish to make a complaint about…

　　/ I am writing to draw your attention to….

　　/ I am afraid I have got a complaint about….

　　(3) 致歉：

　　I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects.

　　/ I am writing to you because I am unable to….

　　/ I an terribly sorry that….

　　/ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to….

　　(4) 询问：

　　I would like to obtain /request/seek/inquire about some information about…

　　/ I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.

　　/ I would like some detailed information on/about….

　　(四)结尾段：

　　1、发出请求

　　(1)Please give this matter your immediate attention.

　　(2)I would very much appreciate it if……as soon as possible.

　　(3)Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision.

　　2、提供帮助

　　(1)I hope these……will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.

　　(2)……will be taking responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you

　　3、 再次表示歉意或感激

　　(1)Thank you for your kind assistance.

　　(2)Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.

　　(3)I am sorry that I cannot……, and trust that you will understand.

　　(4)In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.

　　(5)I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.

　　(6)Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

4、 期盼回信：R.S.V.P.

　　(1)I look forward to your prompt response.

　　(2)Looking forward to a prompt reply,

　　(3)I expect to hear from you very soon.

　　(4)I hope to receive your reply shortly.

　　(5)I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.

　　书信题范文：2001.6

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.

　　Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.

　　1. 表示欢迎

　　2. 提出度假安排的建议

　　3.提醒应注意的事项

　　A Letter to a Schoolmate

　　June 23, 2001

　　Dear Xiao Wang

　　Example I:

　　Dear Xiao Wang,

　　I am very happy to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy every minute here.

　　I know you like swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play VCDs or read books very comfortably at home.

　　A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful birds eye view of the whole village.

　　Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. I’ll prepare everything for you.

　　I am looking forward to seeing you soon.

　　Yours,

　　Zhang Yin

　　公文信函: 2002.1

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:

　　A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

　　假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

　　January 12th, 2002

　　Dear Mr. President,

　　Li Ming

　　freshman 大一

　　sophomore 大二

　　junior 大三

　　senior 大四

　　Example II:

　　Dear Mr. Prometheus,

　　I am a student at your TOEFL class and I am writing to explain my absence from classes since March 11, 2001.

　　On March 10, 2001, I was involved in a serious motor vehicle accident. I was transported to the hospital in an ambulance, where I was treated for a broken ankle, fractured collarbone, and 3 bruised ribs. My doctor advised complete bed rest for 6 weeks, and as a result, I have been unable to attend classes since March 11, 2001.

　　I am concerned about keeping up with my studies, and have been doing the required readings, as assigned by you. My biggest concern is whether I will be able to participate the final class. Would you please advise me regarding my courses, specifically if there will be any special consideration given to me in light of my current situation? Thank you for your kind assistance.

　　I look forward to hearing from you soon.

　　Sincerely,

　　Janet,

　　Student No…

　　题型总结：

　　对比观点选择题：4段

　　社会热点话题：3段

　　图表题：

　　书信题：

　　格言题：

　　描写叙述题：