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9月12日 短文指导 Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Professor Wang. Write him a note to 1) express your apology; 2) make a request for another appointment; 3) and also suggest a time for the requested appointment. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 范文译文 Dear Prof. Wang, I write this note to express my great apology to your as I failed to turn up for the appointment with you yesterday afternoon. To be frank, I did remember to meet you at your office when my father suddenly had a stomachache and I had to send him to a nearby hospital. Then I gave you a phone to call off the meeting but the line was busy. I intend to arrange another appointment if it takes no further trouble for you. I am wondering if it is convenient for us to meet next Monday morning. I am expecting an early reply from you. Sincerely yours, Li Ming (106 words) 星期四下午我失约了。我写这封信的目的是为了表达我的歉意。我没有忘记，但是当时我父亲突然腹痛，我只能送他去医院。给您打电话，您的电话又占线。如果您方便我想下周一早上再与您见面。敬请回复。 思路启迪 凡是细心比较一下中文和英文篇章结构的人，不难发现，英文中心主旨表达的开门见山。书信或便条的写作也应该注意这一点。篇章开头直接表明书信的目的、作者的态度和观点、篇章的主题。写好主题句不仅要表达作者的态度，还需根据内容和字数等要求，对题目的范围进行控制和确定。 就主题句而言，一方面它应该具有概括性，这样才能达到主题句应该具有的功能；另一方面要有具体的、标明主题导向的关键词语，这样下面的发展句才能顺利的展开。本单元的主题句开门见山的表明了写作的目的是为了表达歉意，点出了“约会”这一主题。 此外，主题句要显得自然，在篇章中起到背景引导的作用。建议读者认真研读和分析本书中各篇应用文首句的构思，并加以效仿。 9月13日 短文指导 You have got a ticket to a computer fair, but you now find that you are unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George, 1) introducing the fair briefly; 2) explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him; 3) and telling him briefly how to get there. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 范文译文 Dear George, I’ve got a ticket for a computer fair, but now I find I’m unable to go because of some unexpected businesses. I’ve learned there are a lot of updated anti-virus programs and newly-developed models on show, and a cyber-head like you would not miss the opportunity for anything. I can’t go because I’m going to meet with an important client, so I send the enclosed ticket to you. It is very convenient for you to get there this Friday afternoon. You may go by taxi or take the No 12 bus, and you can’t miss it. Please let me know when you have received the ticket. Hope you will have a nice time. Sincerely yours, Li Ming (109 words) 我有一张计算机展销会的入场券，但是突然有事去不了。展销会上有许多升级计算机放毒软件和新开发的机型。任何电脑迷都不会错过这个机会的。我要去见一个重要的客户，现在把入场券给你随信寄来。你周五下午去那里很方便，打车或乘坐12路公共汽车就可以了。收到信后告之我。祝你愉快。 思路启迪 段落中的各个句子必须围绕一个主题（一个内容）展开；短文中的各个层次则围绕短文的主题，从不同侧面深入阐述。 保证句子的统一性和连贯性是组词的基本要求。句子的统一性和连贯性是相辅相成的，最简单的解释是，意思完整，主次分明，前后连贯。从语义上看，句子各部分应该是紧密联系在一起，表达一个完整的意思；从语法角度来看，正确的句子应该是结构严谨，关系一致，语序正确；从修辞角度来年，好的句子应该是中心突出，逻辑性强，准确简练。如果一个句子表达的意思不完整，主次关系不明确，逻辑关系混乱，那么这个句子的统一性和连贯性就遭到了破坏，句子就有语病，读者也就无法了解作者的本意。 所谓一致性就是说，一段文章必须讨论一个中心思想，服务于一个目的。根据一致性的原则，文章中所有的细节都要与主题句直接有关，要有利于说明中心思想。任何与主题无关，或者说服力不强的内容，都必须舍弃，否则会使读者迷惑不解，而有损于作者意图的表达。 应用文写作同样必须注意文章的一致性的原则。在展开时必须牢牢把握好提示的要点，才能达到写作的要求。 9月14日 短文指导 You’ve learned that your friend Jimmy is ill these days. Write him a note 1) expressing your concern; 2) asking after his health; 3) and giving your best wishes. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 范文译文 Dear Jimmy, I’m so sorry to hear that you have been ill these days. Because recently I’m up to my ears with my preparation for the final English test, I haven’t heard anything about you until yesterday. I became very worried when I heard that you had again caught a terrible flu. So I am writing to you and would like to know how you are now. I think you should take a complete physical checkup and find out the real trouble it the illness persists. My help will be available as my aunt is a doctor. Please let me know if you need any help. Wish you good health. Sincerely yours, Li Ming (109 words) 当Bob告诉我你这久生病时，我相当的难过。因为最近一直忙于英语期末考试，昨天才听说你的情况。听说你又患感冒，我很担心，随即马上给你写信问你的情况。如果病情仍不好转，我建议你去做一个体检。我婶婶是医生，可能帮上忙。请告诉我。祝你健康。 思路启迪 就应用文的写作而言，根据考试大纲的要求，考生所写篇章在格式与语域方面必须恰当贴切。对目标读者完全会产生预期的效果。指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等。 考生在平时准备或考试时应该注意的重要方面有： 一：正式语体（书卷语）、一般语体（共核）、非正式语体（口语体）在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别。本书将在第四章进行简要的归纳和总结，以帮考生养成使用语言时注意所使用语言的贴切性。 二：正式语体词的使用范围较窄，而且一般只在书面语中出现，若出现在口语中，则有讽刺、调侃或幽默的语用效果。考研英语写作部分的Part B节考生需要按照正式或共核语体写作。英语语体意义高的词汇一般都比较长，我们随后将在第四章讨论这一点。 三：中性语体成分的使用范围比较广：既可以出现在正式语体中，也可以出现在一般介绍或叙述性语篇中，还可能出现在口语中。就这一类词汇的特点，英语的中性语体和口语、俚语等词汇一般都比较短小，尤其是后者，因为短，使用起来才方便，长了拗口。 四：考生在写作应用文时必须判断篇章的接受者与自己的亲密程度、接受者的身份高低、交际场合的正式程度、自己作为作者的身份等。综合考虑之后，再做出文体的判断。之后在选择恰当贴切的篇章组织、句型、词汇等。这样才能达到大纲的要求，取得较好的分数。 |
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9月12日 短文指导 Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Professor Wang. Write him a note to 1) express your apology; 2) make a request for another appointment; 3) and also suggest a time for the requested appointment. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 范文译文 Dear Prof. Wang, I write this note to express my great apology to your as I failed to turn up for the appointment with you yesterday afternoon. To be frank, I did remember to meet you at your office when my father suddenly had a stomachache and I had to send him to a nearby hospital. Then I gave you a phone to call off the meeting but the line was busy. I intend to arrange another appointment if it takes no further trouble for you. I am wondering if it is convenient for us to meet next Monday morning. I am expecting an early reply from you. Sincerely yours, Li Ming (106 words) 星期四下午我失约了。我写这封信的目的是为了表达我的歉意。我没有忘记，但是当时我父亲突然腹痛，我只能送他去医院。给您打电话，您的电话又占线。如果您方便我想下周一早上再与您见面。敬请回复。 思路启迪 凡是细心比较一下中文和英文篇章结构的人，不难发现，英文中心主旨表达的开门见山。书信或便条的写作也应该注意这一点。篇章开头直接表明书信的目的、作者的态度和观点、篇章的主题。写好主题句不仅要表达作者的态度，还需根据内容和字数等要求，对题目的范围进行控制和确定。 就主题句而言，一方面它应该具有概括性，这样才能达到主题句应该具有的功能；另一方面要有具体的、标明主题导向的关键词语，这样下面的发展句才能顺利的展开。本单元的主题句开门见山的表明了写作的目的是为了表达歉意，点出了“约会”这一主题。 此外，主题句要显得自然，在篇章中起到背景引导的作用。建议读者认真研读和分析本书中各篇应用文首句的构思，并加以效仿。 9月13日 短文指导 You have got a ticket to a computer fair, but you now find that you are unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George, 1) introducing the fair briefly; 2) explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him; 3) and telling him briefly how to get there. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 范文译文 Dear George, I’ve got a ticket for a computer fair, but now I find I’m unable to go because of some unexpected businesses. I’ve learned there are a lot of updated anti-virus programs and newly-developed models on show, and a cyber-head like you would not miss the opportunity for anything. I can’t go because I’m going to meet with an important client, so I send the enclosed ticket to you. It is very convenient for you to get there this Friday afternoon. You may go by taxi or take the No 12 bus, and you can’t miss it. Please let me know when you have received the ticket. Hope you will have a nice time. Sincerely yours, Li Ming (109 words) 我有一张计算机展销会的入场券，但是突然有事去不了。展销会上有许多升级计算机放毒软件和新开发的机型。任何电脑迷都不会错过这个机会的。我要去见一个重要的客户，现在把入场券给你随信寄来。你周五下午去那里很方便，打车或乘坐12路公共汽车就可以了。收到信后告之我。祝你愉快。 思路启迪 段落中的各个句子必须围绕一个主题（一个内容）展开；短文中的各个层次则围绕短文的主题，从不同侧面深入阐述。 保证句子的统一性和连贯性是组词的基本要求。句子的统一性和连贯性是相辅相成的，最简单的解释是，意思完整，主次分明，前后连贯。从语义上看，句子各部分应该是紧密联系在一起，表达一个完整的意思；从语法角度来看，正确的句子应该是结构严谨，关系一致，语序正确；从修辞角度来年，好的句子应该是中心突出，逻辑性强，准确简练。如果一个句子表达的意思不完整，主次关系不明确，逻辑关系混乱，那么这个句子的统一性和连贯性就遭到了破坏，句子就有语病，读者也就无法了解作者的本意。 所谓一致性就是说，一段文章必须讨论一个中心思想，服务于一个目的。根据一致性的原则，文章中所有的细节都要与主题句直接有关，要有利于说明中心思想。任何与主题无关，或者说服力不强的内容，都必须舍弃，否则会使读者迷惑不解，而有损于作者意图的表达。 应用文写作同样必须注意文章的一致性的原则。在展开时必须牢牢把握好提示的要点，才能达到写作的要求。 9月14日 短文指导 You’ve learned that your friend Jimmy is ill these days. Write him a note 1) expressing your concern; 2) asking after his health; 3) and giving your best wishes. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 范文译文 Dear Jimmy, I’m so sorry to hear that you have been ill these days. Because recently I’m up to my ears with my preparation for the final English test, I haven’t heard anything about you until yesterday. I became very worried when I heard that you had again caught a terrible flu. So I am writing to you and would like to know how you are now. I think you should take a complete physical checkup and find out the real trouble it the illness persists. My help will be available as my aunt is a doctor. Please let me know if you need any help. Wish you good health. Sincerely yours, Li Ming (109 words) 当Bob告诉我你这久生病时，我相当的难过。因为最近一直忙于英语期末考试，昨天才听说你的情况。听说你又患感冒，我很担心，随即马上给你写信问你的情况。如果病情仍不好转，我建议你去做一个体检。我婶婶是医生，可能帮上忙。请告诉我。祝你健康。 思路启迪 就应用文的写作而言，根据考试大纲的要求，考生所写篇章在格式与语域方面必须恰当贴切。对目标读者完全会产生预期的效果。指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等。 考生在平时准备或考试时应该注意的重要方面有： 一：正式语体（书卷语）、一般语体（共核）、非正式语体（口语体）在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别。本书将在第四章进行简要的归纳和总结，以帮考生养成使用语言时注意所使用语言的贴切性。 二：正式语体词的使用范围较窄，而且一般只在书面语中出现，若出现在口语中，则有讽刺、调侃或幽默的语用效果。考研英语写作部分的Part B节考生需要按照正式或共核语体写作。英语语体意义高的词汇一般都比较长，我们随后将在第四章讨论这一点。 三：中性语体成分的使用范围比较广：既可以出现在正式语体中，也可以出现在一般介绍或叙述性语篇中，还可能出现在口语中。就这一类词汇的特点，英语的中性语体和口语、俚语等词汇一般都比较短小，尤其是后者，因为短，使用起来才方便，长了拗口。 四：考生在写作应用文时必须判断篇章的接受者与自己的亲密程度、接受者的身份高低、交际场合的正式程度、自己作为作者的身份等。综合考虑之后，再做出文体的判断。之后在选择恰当贴切的篇章组织、句型、词汇等。这样才能达到大纲的要求，取得较好的分数。 |
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英语应用文范例二！！！！！！ 邀请信 邀请信包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件，形式上大体分为两种：一种为正规的格式（formal correspondence），亦称请柬；一种是非正式格式（informal correspondence），即一般的邀请信。邀请信是在形式上不如请柬那样正规，但也是很考究。书写时应注意： 邀请信一定要将邀请的时间（年、月、日、钟点）、地点、场合写清楚，不能使接信人存在任何疑虑。例如：“I’d like you and Bob to come to Luncheon next Friday.”这句话中所指的是哪个星期五并不明确，所以应加上具体日期，“I’d like you and Bob to come to luncheon next Friday, May 5th.” 1.邀请朋友共进午餐Inviting a friend to an informal luncheon Dear [Zhang Ying], Will you come to a luncheon on [Friday, May 5th], at [twelve o’clock]? My niece [Mary] is visiting us and I think you will enjoy meeting her. She is a charming, very pretty girl… and very good company! [John and Jane] will be here too, and perhaps we can [give a dance] after luncheon. Do say you’ll come! Affectionately yours, Li Ming 亲爱的[张营]： 您能在[5月5日星期五中午12点钟]来吃午饭吗？ 我侄女[玛丽]正在我们家作客，我想您会乐于见到她的。她是个漂亮而聪明的女孩子，……同她在一起是很使人高兴的！[约翰和简]也到这里来，也许在饭后我们能[开个舞会]，说好，一定得来呀！ 9月16日 2.邀请朋友同他们不认识的人一起共进晚餐Inviting friends to a supper with strangers Dear [Susan], I know you are interested in [oil painting], so I’m sure you’ll be interested in [Mr. And Mrs. Lin Dun]! They are coming here to have supper [next Sunday night, October the twelfth], and we’d like you and [Walter] to come, too. [Mr. And Mrs. Lin Dun] are a very charming couple we met in [London] last summer. They have a wonderful collection of [oil paintings of various stages]; and I understand that Mr. Lin Dun is quite an authority on [oil] painting]. I’m sure you and Walter will thoroughly enjoy the evening and their company. We’re planning a supper for 6:00 pm; that will give us a nice long evening to talk. If I don’t hear from you before then, I’ll be expecting you on the [twelfth]! Affectionately yours, Li Ming 亲爱的[苏珊]： 我知道您对[油画]是有兴趣的，所以我相信您对林顿夫妇也会感兴趣。他们将在[10月12日（下星期日）]来吃饭，我们很希望您和瓦尔特也能同来。 [林顿夫妇]是那么好的一对夫妻。我们是去年夏天在[伦敦]认识的。他们集有[各个不同时期精美的油画作品]。我知道，林顿先生在研究[油画]方面是颇有权威的。我深信，那天晚上您和瓦尔特同他们在一起，一定会很愉快。 我们准备在6点钟吃晚饭，这样就能有较长的时间闲谈。如果事前接不到您的回信，我就指望你们那天到来。 9月17日 3.邀请参加新厂开工典礼Invitation to an opening ceremony of a new factor Dear [Mr. Harrison], Our new factory will be commencing production on [April 10] and we should like to invite [you and your wife] to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion. As you will appreciate this an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at home and overseas. We are inviting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting. Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time—we can arrange for you to be met. All arrangements for your stay will, of course, be made by us at our expense.[overnight on April 10] Yours faithfully, 亲爱的[哈里森先生]： 本公司新厂将于[4月10日]开始投产，希望能邀请[贤伉丽]来参加新厂开工典礼。 如您所知，新厂的设立是本公司的一个里程碑，而这正是海内外对本公司产品不断需求的结果。我们邀请了所有对本公司的成功贡献一切力量的个人，我们相信，您一定会赏光。 如您确能参加，请来函告知您抵达的时间——以便我们为您安排会晤。当然，所有安排您在[10日晚间]夜宿的费用，皆将由公司代您支付。 9月18日 |
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4.邀请来家中小住及周末聚会An invitation for a house and weekend party Dear[Jane], I hope [you and Fred] haven’t any plan for the weekend of [July twenty-fourth] as we’d like you to spend it with us at [Far Acres]. It’s simply beautiful here now, with everything in bloom! I think we can promise [Fred] some good fishing this year. The fish are biting better than ever! So bring your fishing clothes; and be sure to bring your tennis things, too, because [the Owens] are coming and I’m sure you’ll want to get out on the courts with them. There’s a very good train [Friday night]; I’ve marked it in red on the timetable. It gets you here about [seven-thirty] which is just in time for dinner. You can get a late train back [Sunday night], or there’s an early express that [Bob] usually takes on We hope nothing will prevent you from coming, as we’re looking forward to your visit… and I know [the Owens] are looking forward to seeing you again, too. Be sure to let us know what train you are taking so that [Bob] can meet you at the station. Affectionately yours, 亲爱的[简]： 如果您[7月24日]没有什么活动安排，我希望[您和弗雷德]能同我们一起在[远庄园]共度周末，那里已经鲜花遍地，现正在最美丽的时节。 我想，今年我们能让[弗雷德]钓鱼钓得更快活。鱼儿比过去任何时候都爱上钓鱼。请把钓鱼的服装带来，也别忘记带上打网球的用具，因为我们还邀约了[欧文]夫妇，我想，你们是乐意同他们打网球的。 [星期五晚上]有一班舒适的火车，我已经在火车时刻表上做了红色记号，火车大约在[7点半钟]把你们送到这里，正是吃晚饭时间。[星期日晚上]你们可以乘晚车回来。或者，在[星期一早晨]也有一班快车，就是[鲍勃]常坐的那一班车。 我们希望没有什么事情会阻碍你们，我们在等待着你们光临……我知道[欧文夫妇]好盼再次见到你们。准备乘哪一班火车，请一定告诉我们，好让[鲍勃]到车站迎接你们。 9月19日 5.邀请参加招待会An invitation for a reception Dear [Mr. Smith], It would give [me/us] great pleasure to have your presence at a reception in honor of the Chinese delegation. The reception will be held in the [the City Hall], on [Tuesday, October the fourth]. Cocktails will be served promptly at [six] to be followed by dinner at [eight]. [i/We] sincerely hope you can attend. Let [me/us] know. Sincerely yours, 亲爱的[史密斯先生]： 如您能够出席为[中国代表团]而举行的招待会，[我（们）]将感到十分荣幸。 招待会定于[10月4日（星期二）]在[市政厅]举行。[6点钟]准时举行[鸡尾酒会]，随之在[8点钟]举行[正式的晚宴]。 [我（们）]期等着您的光临。请提前通知您能否出席。 9月20日 6.邀请演讲Inviting someone to address a meeting Dear [Dr. Rodger], [The English Department of Nankai University] would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the [annual conference] to be held at the [meeting room] at [eight] o’clock, [Saturday morning, December the thirtieth, 1993]. As you know, the department is interested in [the 20th century English literature] Since you are familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us. You will receive further details later, but we would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda. Cordially yours, 亲爱的[罗杰博士]： [南开大学外文系]特邀请您出席[1993年12月30日（星期六）早八点在（系会议室）]召开的[学术年会]并作演讲。 正如您所了解的，[南大外文系]对[20世纪的英国文学颇感兴趣]。您对此领域很熟悉，您的见解定会给我们带来很大的兴趣。 我们将随后把有关细节通知您，但恳请您尽快予以答复，以便作出安排。 写作绝招(强烈推荐) 开头万能公式 1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能公式 1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. |
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4.邀请来家中小住及周末聚会An invitation for a house and weekend party Dear[Jane], I hope [you and Fred] haven’t any plan for the weekend of [July twenty-fourth] as we’d like you to spend it with us at [Far Acres]. It’s simply beautiful here now, with everything in bloom! I think we can promise [Fred] some good fishing this year. The fish are biting better than ever! So bring your fishing clothes; and be sure to bring your tennis things, too, because [the Owens] are coming and I’m sure you’ll want to get out on the courts with them. There’s a very good train [Friday night]; I’ve marked it in red on the timetable. It gets you here about [seven-thirty] which is just in time for dinner. You can get a late train back [Sunday night], or there’s an early express that [Bob] usually takes on We hope nothing will prevent you from coming, as we’re looking forward to your visit… and I know [the Owens] are looking forward to seeing you again, too. Be sure to let us know what train you are taking so that [Bob] can meet you at the station. Affectionately yours, 亲爱的[简]： 如果您[7月24日]没有什么活动安排，我希望[您和弗雷德]能同我们一起在[远庄园]共度周末，那里已经鲜花遍地，现正在最美丽的时节。 我想，今年我们能让[弗雷德]钓鱼钓得更快活。鱼儿比过去任何时候都爱上钓鱼。请把钓鱼的服装带来，也别忘记带上打网球的用具，因为我们还邀约了[欧文]夫妇，我想，你们是乐意同他们打网球的。 [星期五晚上]有一班舒适的火车，我已经在火车时刻表上做了红色记号，火车大约在[7点半钟]把你们送到这里，正是吃晚饭时间。[星期日晚上]你们可以乘晚车回来。或者，在[星期一早晨]也有一班快车，就是[鲍勃]常坐的那一班车。 我们希望没有什么事情会阻碍你们，我们在等待着你们光临……我知道[欧文夫妇]好盼再次见到你们。准备乘哪一班火车，请一定告诉我们，好让[鲍勃]到车站迎接你们。 9月19日 5.邀请参加招待会An invitation for a reception Dear [Mr. Smith], It would give [me/us] great pleasure to have your presence at a reception in honor of the Chinese delegation. The reception will be held in the [the City Hall], on [Tuesday, October the fourth]. Cocktails will be served promptly at [six] to be followed by dinner at [eight]. [i/We] sincerely hope you can attend. Let [me/us] know. Sincerely yours, 亲爱的[史密斯先生]： 如您能够出席为[中国代表团]而举行的招待会，[我（们）]将感到十分荣幸。 招待会定于[10月4日（星期二）]在[市政厅]举行。[6点钟]准时举行[鸡尾酒会]，随之在[8点钟]举行[正式的晚宴]。 [我（们）]期等着您的光临。请提前通知您能否出席。 9月20日 6.邀请演讲Inviting someone to address a meeting Dear [Dr. Rodger], [The English Department of Nankai University] would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the [annual conference] to be held at the [meeting room] at [eight] o’clock, [Saturday morning, December the thirtieth, 1993]. As you know, the department is interested in [the 20th century English literature] Since you are familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us. You will receive further details later, but we would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda. Cordially yours, 亲爱的[罗杰博士]： [南开大学外文系]特邀请您出席[1993年12月30日（星期六）早八点在（系会议室）]召开的[学术年会]并作演讲。 正如您所了解的，[南大外文系]对[20世纪的英国文学颇感兴趣]。您对此领域很熟悉，您的见解定会给我们带来很大的兴趣。 我们将随后把有关细节通知您，但恳请您尽快予以答复，以便作出安排。 写作绝招(强烈推荐) 开头万能公式 1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能公式 1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. |
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写作的“七项基本原则” 一、 长短句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！ 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、 主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三、 一二三原则 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） 5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！ |
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写作的“七项基本原则” 一、 长短句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！ 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、 主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三、 一二三原则 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） 5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！ |
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四、 短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 五、 多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！ 六、 多变句式原则 1）加法（串联） 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角） 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so） 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重） 有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away… 5）附加（多此一举） 如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 6）排比（排山倒海句） 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏） 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！ |
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七、 挑战极限原则 既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！ 原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！ 文章主体段落三大杀手锏 一、举实例 思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！ In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. 更多句型： To take …as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example 二、做比较 方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的； 世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语： 相似的比较： in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较： on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, … 三、换言之 没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字I love you! I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you. 或者上面我们举过的例子： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. 因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it. 更多短语： in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply |
