评分
|
| 嘿嘿，尽在不言中～加油 |
| 很有挑战性！{:soso_e130:} |
| do my best~ |
|
8.1 21:00--22:00第一次听力训练营魔鬼听力训练 感受：生单词并不是很多，但是却不知道在说什么。。。还有就是打字速度太慢，需要练习打英文，练速度，可能手写会好些。 听力文本： Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a United States government class. OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts. Who can sum up some of the main points? Frank? Frank Well, I guess there wasn’t really any, you know, official government support for the arts until the twentieth century. But the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to support the arts was the Federal Art Project. Professor Right, so what can you say about the project? Frank Um…it was started during the Depression, um…in the 1930s to employ out- of-work artists. Professor So was it successful? Janet? What do you say? Janet Yeah, sure, it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centers and gallery and places like rural areas where people hadn’t really had access to the arts. Professor Right. Frank Yeah. But didn’t the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn’t even very good? Professor Uh…some people might say that. Frank That’s true. I mean…it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists. Right. But then when the United States becameinvolved in the Second World War, unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren’t really necessary any longer. So, moving on, we don't actually see any govern…well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts. It was felt by a number of politicians that …well that the government had a responsibility to support the arts as sort of… oh, what can we say?...the the soul…or spirit of the country. The idea was that there be a federal subsidy…um…uh…financial assistance to artists and artistic or cultural institutions. And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Arts was created. So it was through the NEA, the National Endowment for the Arts, um…that the arts would develop, would be promoted throughout the nation. And then individual states throughout the country started to establish their own state arts councils to help support the arts. There was kind of uh…cultural explosion. And by the mid 1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty states had their own arts agency, their own state arts councils that work with the federal government with corporations, artists, performers, you name it. Frank Did you just say corporations? How are they involved? Professor Well, you see, corporations aren’t always altruistic. They might not support the arts unless…well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives to support the arts, that is, by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patrons of the arts. Um, the Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C. , you may uh…maybe you’ve been there, or Lincoln Centre in New York. Both of these were built with substantial financial support from corporations. And the Kennedy and Lincoln centres aren’t the only examples. Many of your cultural establishments in the United States will have a plaque somewhere acknowledge the support – the money they received from whatever corporation. Oh, yes, Janet? Janet But aren’t there a lot of people who don’t think it’s the government’s role to support the arts? Professor Well, as a matter of fact, a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do away with the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support. But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget. And as far as the public goes, well…there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree. In fact, with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists suppose a government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create. In other words, the arguments both for and against government funding of the arts are as many and, and as vary as the individual styles of the artists who hold them. 生单词及没有听出来的： federala.联邦(制)的，联邦政府的sum upout- of-workhadn’t really had access to But wasn’t the primary objective of the FederalArt Project to provide jobs? NEA=National Endowment for the Arts (美国)全国艺术捐赠基金(会) becameinvolvedinvolvementNational Endowment federal performers performerstax incentivesagency entirely In other words, the arguments both for and against government funding of the arts are as many and, and as vary as the individual styles of the artists who hold them. |
|
接上面：单词基本上都认识，可是我就是听不出来在讲什么，很多发音和我读得不一样，我需要重新学习发音，还有最重要的就是要多听，多听，还是多听，不论是泛听还是精听都是需要的！！！ 第一次认真做这种精力，觉得难度还是蛮大的，听得还比较吃力，我一定要告诉自己：坚持下去就是胜利。 |
|
8/2晚10：04完成的听力文本 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in an economics class. Professor Now when I mention the terms “boom and bust”, what is that going to mind? Student The dotcom crash of the ‘90s. Professor Ok. The boom in the late 1990s when all those new Internet companies sprung upand then sold for huge amounts of money. Then the bust around 2000…2001 when many of those same Internet companies went out of business. Of course, booms aren’t always followed by busts. We’ve certainly seen times when local economy expanded rapidly for a while and then went back to a normal pace of growth. But, there’s a type of rapid expansion, what might be called the hystericalor irrationalboom that pretty much always leads to a bust. See, people often create and intensifya boom when they get carried away by some new industry that seems like it will make them lots of money fast. You’d think that by the 90s, people would have learned from the past. If they did, well, look at tulips. Student Tulips? You mean like the flower? Professor Exactly. For instance, do you have any idea where tulips are from? Originally I mean. Student Well, the Netherlands, right? Professor That’s what most people think, but no. They are not native to the Netherlands, or even Europe. Tulips actually hailfrom an area that Chinese call the Celestia l Mountains in Central Asia. A very remote mountainous region. It was Turkish nomad s who first discovered tulips and spread them slowly westward. Now, around the 16th century, Europeans were traveling to Istanbul and Turkey as merchants and diplomats . And the Turks often gave the Europeans tulip bulbs as gifts which they would carry home with them. For the Europeans, tulips were totally unheard of. Er…a great novelty. The first bulb to show up in the Netherlands, the merchant who received them roastedand ate them. He thought they were kind of onion. It turns out that the Netherlands was an ideal country for growing tulips. It had the right kind of sandy soil for one thing, but also, it was a wealthy nation with a growing economy, willing to spend lots of money on new exoticthings. Plus, the Dutch had a history of gardening. Wealthy people would compete, spending enormous amounts of money to buy the rarest flowers for their gardens. Soon tulips were beginning to show up in different colors as growers tried to breed them specifically for colors which would make them even more valuable. But they were never completely sure what they would get. Some of the most priced tulips were white with purple stricks, or red with yellow stricks on the paddles, even a dark purple tulip that was very much priced. What happened then was a crazefor these specialized tulips. We called that craze “tulip mania”. So, here we’ve got all theconditions for an irrational boom: a prosperingeconomy, so more people had more disposableincome-money to spend on luxuries, but they weren’t experienced at investing their new wealth. Then along comes a thrillingcommodity. Sure the first specimens were just played right in tulips, but they could be bred into some extraordinary variations, like that dark purple tulip. And finally, you have an unregulated market place, no government constrains, where price could explode. And explode they did, starting in the 1630s. There was always much more demand for tulips than supply. Tulips didn’t bloom frequently like roses. Tulips bloomed once in the early spring. And that was it for the year. Eventually, specially-bred multi- colored tulips became so valuable, well, according to records, one tulip bulb was worth 24 tons of wheat, or thousand pounds of cheese. One particular tulip bulb was sold and exchanged for a small sheep. In other words, tulips were literallyworth their weight in gold. As demand grew, people began selling promissory notes guaranteeing the future delivery of priced tulip bulbs. The buyers of these pieces of paper would resell the notes and mark upprices. These promissorynotes kept changing hands from buyer to buyer until the tulip was ready for delivery. But it was all pure speculation because as I said, there was no way to know if the bulb was really going to produce the variety, the color that was promised. But that didn’t matter to the owner of the note. The owner only cared about having that piece of paper so it could be traded later at a profit. And people were borrowing, mortgagingtheir homes in many cases to obtain those bits of paper because they were sure they’d find an easy way to make money. So now, you’ve got all the ingredients for a huge bust. And bust it did, when one cold February morning in 1637, a group of bulb traders got together and discovered that suddenly there were no bidders . Nobody wanted to buy. Panicspread like wild fire and the tulip market collapsed totally. 单词不是最大的问题，关键是我听不出在说什么！！！ 跟读，跟读，跟读。。。 首先要自己会读 |
|
8/3晚9：40完成的听力文本 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in an earth science class. Professor We’rereally just now beginning to understand how quickly drastic climate change can take place. We can see past occurrences of climate change that took place over just a few hundred years. Take uh… the Sahara Desert in Northern Africa. The Sahara was really different 6,000 years ago. I mean, you wouldn’t call it a tropical paradiseor anything, uh…or maybe you would if you think about how today in some parts of the Sahara it…it only rains about once a century. Um… but basically, you had granaryand you had water. And what I find particularly interesting and amazing really, what really indicates how un desert-like the Sahara was thousands of years ago, was something painted on the rock, pre-historic art, hippopotamuses, ‘cos you know hippos need a lot of water and hence? Hence what? Student They need to live near a large source of water year round Professor That’s right. Student But how is that proved that the Sahara used to be a lot wetter? I mean the people who painted those hippos, well, couldn’t they have seen them on their travels? Professor Okay, in principal they could, Karl. But the rock paintings aren’t the only evidence. Beneaththe Sahara are huge aquifers , basically a sea of fresh water, that’s perhaps a million years old filtered through rock layers. And…er…and then there is fossilized pollen , from low shrubs and grasses that once grew in the Sahara. In fact these plants still grow, er…but hundreds of miles away, in more vegetatedareas. Anyway, it’s this fossilizedpollen along with the aquifers and the rock paintings, these three things are all evidence that the Sahara was once much greener than it is today, that there were hipposand probably elephants and giraffesand so on. So what happened? How did it happen? Now, we’re so used to hearing about how human activities are affecting the climate, right? But that takes the focus away from the natural variations in the earth climate, like the Ice Age, right? The planet was practically covered in ice just a few thousand years ago. Now as far as the Sahara goes, there is some recent literature that points to the migration of the monsoonin that area Students Huh????? Professor What do I mean? Okay, a monsoon is a seasonal wind that can bring in a large amount of rainfall. Now if the monsoon migrates, well, that means that the rains move to another area, right? So what caused the monsoon to migrate? Well, the answer is: the dynamics of earth’s motions, the same thing that caused the Ice Age by the way. The earth’s not always the same distance from the sun, and it’s not always tiltingtoward the sun at the same angle. There are slight variations in these two perimeters . They’re gradual variations but their effects can be pretty abrupt.And can cause the climate to change in just a few hundred years. Student That’s abrupt? Professor Well, yeah, considering that other climate shifts take thousands of years, this one is pretty abrupt. So these changes in the planet’s motions, they called it “the climate change”, but it was also compounded . What the Sahara experienced was um…a sort of “runaway drying effect”. As I said the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land started to get drier, which in turn caused huge decrease in the amount of vegetation,because vegetation doesn’t grow as well in dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc.. Student But, what about the people who made the rock paintings? Professor Good question. No one really knows. But there might be some connections to ancient Egypt. At about the same time that the Sahara was becoming a desert… Student Uh-huh Professor 5,000 years ago, Egypt really began to flourish out in the Nile River valley. And that’s not that far away. So it’s only logical to hypothesize that a lot of these people migrated to the Nile valley when they realized that this was more than a temporary drought. And some people take this a step further. And that’s okay, that’s science and they hypothesize that this migration actually provided an important impetusin the development of ancient Egypt. Well, we’ll stay tunedon that. 还是跟读吧先 |
| 不错，帮楼主顶起。 |
| 我很久都没有在这里汇报自己的听力练习情况啦。。。 |
