F:Our health insurance bill came yesterday. The cost has increased again.
M: Again? We have had two increases this year.
F:Medical care has been so expensive lately.
M: Remember when Peter was in the hospital after his accident last year?
F:I suredo. Thehospital bill for thatwas over threethousand dollars; and howmuch did the doctor charge us?
M: I don't remember. But our insurance paid for all the bills.
F:And Peter got excellent care at the hospital, didn't he?
M: Yes, he did. I guess I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.
现在我们来听英文老师用慢速度把对话再念一遍.
F:Our health insurance bill came yesterday. The cost has increased again.
M: Again? We have had two increases this year.
F:Medical care has been so expensive lately.
M: Remember when Peter was in the hospital after his accident last year?
F:I suredo. Thehospital bill for thatwas over threethousand dollars; and howmuch did the doctor charge us?
M: I don't remember. But our insurance paid for all the bills.
F:And Peter got excellent care at the hospital, didn't he?
M: Yes, he did. I guess I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.
下面老师再把对话里的现在完成时态句子念一遍.
F:The cost has increased again.
M: We have had two increases this year.
F:Medical care has been so expensive lately.
M: I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.
二.现在完成式
从上面那些句子你可以听出来, 现在完成时态是用 has 或是 have加上动词的过去分词构成的.这种时态可以用来表示 "经验",比方 "我得过心脏病" I have had a heart attack 等等; 在问句里人们常常用 ever, e-v-e-r, ever 和现在完成时态问别人从过去到现在是不是有过某种经验,比方:"你输过血吗?" Have you ever had a blood transfusion?
下面我们作一组代换练习, 学学这类句子.练习的作法是由老师问你一个问题,比方 "你检查过身体吗?" Have you ever had a health check-up?接着老师念一个字或词, 比方 "验血" a blood test, 你就把这个词代换到原来的句子里.在作练习的时候你可以学到不少跟医疗或疾病有关系的字或词, 比方"手术" an operation, "X光" an x-ray, "癌症" cancer, "小儿麻痹" polio,"肺病" tuberculosis 等等. 现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句, 老师就把正确答案念一遍给你听.
M: Have you ever had a health check-up?
M: a blood test
F:Have you ever had a blood test?
M: a blood transfusion
F:Have you ever had a blood transfusion?
M: an operation.
F:Have you ever had an operation?
M: an x-ray
F:Have you ever had an x-ray?
M: serious diseases
F:Have you ever had serious diseases?
M: high blood pressure
F:Have you ever had high blood pressure?
M: a heart attack
F:Have you ever had a heart attack?
M: cancer
F:Have you ever had cancer?
M: polio
F:Have you ever had polio?
M: tuberculosis
F:Have you ever had tuberculosis?
M: medical treatment
F:Have you ever had medical treatment?
M: medical care
F:Have you ever had medical care?
刚才那些问题都可以换一个方式问,比方护士问亨利:"你从来没有得过高血压,不是吗?"You have never had high blood pressure, have you?就是一个例子.下面我们作一组练习,一方面复习时态, 一方面复习我们刚才学的新词汇.请你注意听护士问亨利问题; 这些问题亨利都一一地作否定的答覆, 在亨利回答的时候, 请你也一起回答.
F:You have never had polio, have you?
M: No, I've never had polio.
F:You have never had tuberculosis, have you?
M: No, I've never had tuberculosis.
F:You have never had high blood pressure, have you?
M: No, I've never had high blood pressure.
F:You have never had a heart attack, have you?
M: No, I've never had a heart attack.
F:You have never had cancer, have you?
M: No, I've never had cancer.
F:You have never had serious diseases, have you?
M: No, I've never had serious diseases.
F:You have never had a long term illness, have you?
M: You have had a health check-up lately, haven't you?
F:Yes, I have had a health check-up. I had it last month.
M: You have had a blood test lately, haven't you?
F:Yes, I have had a blood test. I had it last month.
M: You have had an x-ray lately, haven't you?
F:Yes, I have had an x-ray. I had it last month.
M: You have had an operation lately, haven't you?
F:Yes, I have had an operation. I had it last month.
M: You have had a blood transfusion lately, haven't you?
F:Yes, I have had a blood transfusion. I had it last month.
下面一组练习还是比较过去时态和现在完成时态. 练习的内容是说到医学上的成就. 首先你会听到男老师念一个被动语态的过去时态句子,比方: "去年有许多人住院." Many people were hospitalized last year.接着女老师就用现在完成时态把句子改成 "从那以后有更多人住院."More people have been hospitalized since then.这组练习里有些词汇你可能不太熟, 比方"实验"experiment,"技术" technique,"意外"accident,"避免"prevent,"成就"achievement 等等, 请你在听老师念句子的时候一面注意时态的变化,一面注意这些词汇. 现在我们开始.
M: Many people were hospitalized last year.
F:More people have been hospitalized since then.
M: Many people were treated last year.
F:More people have been treated since then.
M: Many people were saved last year.
F:More people have been saved since then.
M: Medical experiments were done last year.
F:More medical experiments have been done since then.
M: Modern techniques were learned last year.
F:More modern techniques have been learned since then.
M: Some accidents were prevented last year.
F:More accidents have been prevented since then.
M: A lot of patients were cured last year.
F:More patients have been cured since then.
M: Several hospitals were built last year.
F:More hospitals have been built since then.
M: Medical achievements were made last year.
F:More medical achievements have been made since then.
Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases aspolio and tuberculosis.They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best equiped medical facilities intheworld. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.Medical costs in the United States are veryhigh. Thereis nonational health plan for Americans. Butthereare manyprograms available for this purpose.Many peoplehave health plans at the companieswhere they work.Under these plans,the company pays a fixed sum ofmoney regularlyinto afund. Then when the employee needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it. Otherpeoplehavehealthinsurance. Theypayinsurancepremiumseach monthto insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed. Insomemedicalplans,theinsurancecompany is also the medical institution. People regularly pay the hospital directly. Then when they need medical treatment, they go tothe hospital without paying more money. The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people andthose with long term illness. These programs make medical care available to those withouttheir own health insurance.
M: Who are helped by government health insurance programs?
现在我们再听英文老师用慢速度把整篇文章念一遍, 请你特别注意刚才那三个问题的答案.
Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases aspolio and tuberculosis.They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best equiped medical facilities intheworld. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.Medical costs in the United States are veryhigh. Thereis nonational health plan for Americans. Butthereare manyprograms available for this purpose.Many peoplehave health plans at the companieswhere they work.Under these plans,the company pays a fixed sum ofmoney regularlyinto afund. Then when the employee needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it. Otherpeoplehavehealthinsurance. Theypayinsurancepremiumseach monthto insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed. Insomemedicalplans,theinsurancecompany is also the medical institution. People regularly pay the hospital directly. Then when they need medical treatment, they go tothe hospital without paying more money. The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people andthose with long term illness. These programs make medical care available to those withouttheir own health insurance.
现在请你回答下面三个问题. 每回答一句就请你听老师念正确答案.
第一个问题是:
M: What have American medical scientists done?
F:Theyhavefoundcuresandprevention forsomediseases and theyhavelearned about others.
第二个问题是:
M: How do Americans pay for health costs?
F:They pay with health plans and health insurance.
第三个问题是:
M: Who are helped by government health insurance programs?
F:Older people, poor people and people with long term illness are helped.