1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics.

2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.

3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,some don’t.

4 Phoneme: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value.

5 allophone: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme.

6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in compkenebtary distribution.

7 Minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segement which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair.

8 Stress: When a certain syllable of a word is stressed, it means that the syllable is prounced with great force than the other or others.

9 tones: Tones are pitch variation, which are caused by the different rates of vibration of the vocal cords. Pitch variations can distinguish meaning just like phoneme; therefore, the tone is a suprasegemental feature.

10 intonation: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation plays an important role in conveying meaning in almost every language,especially in a language like English