定义：只包含一个主谓结构的句子(有时可以有并列主语或谓语)，称为简单句。
在英语中，动词词组的不同结构形式决定着不同的基本句型。英语的简单句基本句型有五种。这些基本句型可以转换为千变万化的句子。高考常常考查以这五种基本句型为基础的更为复杂的句子。
⑴ 主语+ 连系动词+表语(SLP)。
① Tom sounds very much in-terested in the job.
② The traffic lights went green.
在这个句型中，系动词主要是be。另外用作系动词的还有：become，fall， turn，grow， get(表变化);lie，stand(表位置);taste, smell, sound等。该句型中的表语可由名词、形容词、不定式、分词、动名词和介词短语充当。
[典型考例]
—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
—_____ good. (2006湖北卷)
A. Sound B. Sounded
C. Sounding D. Sounds [D]
[解析] 该答句为省略了It的句子。It在代替上文内容作交际时，经常可省略;同时也决定了连系动词sound要用第三人称单数。
⑵ 主语+谓语(SV) 。这里的谓语是不及物动词，不能跟宾语， 只能跟状语。
① She doesn’t live here any longer.
② They work very hard.
[典型考例]
① I _____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (2006重庆卷)
A. lived B. was living
C. have lived D. had lived [A]
[解析]根据下文内容可知live in London的动作已经过去，应用一般过去时态。
② Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _____ off at 18:20. (2006四川卷)
A. takes B. took
C. will be taken
D. has taken [A]
[解析]机场飞机起飞的时间是按时间表进行的。在英语中，按规定的时间发生的动作应使用一般现在时态。
③ It was already past midnight and only three young men _____ in the tea house. (2006安徽卷)
A. left B. remained
C. delayed D. deserted [B]
[解析]A和D两项为及物动词后面没有宾语要用被动语态才对，delayed为汉语式英语，不符合英语习惯，故用B项。
⑶ 主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。
该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词。一般情况下可用名词、代词、不定式、动名词作其宾语。
① Ann didn’t deny the facts.
② He heard the noise.
⑷ 主语+谓语+间接宾语(宾语1)+直接宾语(宾语2)(SVOO)。
该句型又叫双宾语句型。宾语1是表示人，宾语2表示物。如果把宾语1放在宾语2之后，要加一介词。
① Mr. Wang teaches us English.
② He gave the baby a bath.
③ She sent a gift to me.
⑸ 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(SVOC)。
该句型又叫复合宾语句型。宾补是补充说明宾语的。宾补一般由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语充当。
① I found this book difficult.
② He watched the child come in.
[典型考例]
① As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (2006湖南卷)
A. this B. that
C. one D. it [D]
[解析]动词make后应接复合宾语，her duty是其宾语补足语，宾语为其后的动词不定式to look after..., 故用it作形式宾语。
② The mother felt herself _____ cold and hands trembled as she read the letter from the battle field. (2006上海卷)
A. grow B. grown
C. to grow D. to have grown [A]
[解析]不带to的动词不定式作谓语动词felt的宾语补足语。
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