1. 限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，不能用逗号与主句分开，是先行词不可缺少的定语。另外它所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或物，如果删去，全句的意思就会变得不明确；而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用，一般用逗号与主句分开，若把它去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。如：

The information that you offered is very helpful.你提供的信息很有用。

This information, which is offered through the broadcast, will give us some help.

这条信息会给我们带来帮助，它是由广播提供的。

2. 限制性定语从句有涉他性；非限制性定语从句有唯一性。如：

His daughter who lives in London is a writer.

他生活在伦敦的女儿是一位作家。(不止一个女儿)

His daughter, who lives in London, is a writer.

他的女儿是个作家，生活在伦敦。(只有一个女儿)

3. 在把限制性定语从句译成汉语时，通常在从句的末尾加“的”字，然后放在它所修饰的名词的前面；而在把非限制性定语从句译成汉语时，一般译成一个单独的句子。如：

The man whom you just met is my headmaster. 你刚才遇到的那个人是我的校长。

He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the amount I need.

他借给我1000美元，这笔钱正好够我用。

4. which, whom引导限制性定语从句，在从句中充当宾语时可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中充当宾语时不能省略。如：

The house (which) he lived in 10 years ago has been sold.

他10年前生活过的房屋已经被卖了。

The house, which he bought last year, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮，是他去年买的。

【巩固练习】

1. — Is that the small company you often refer to?

— Right, just the one _______ you know my father used to work for years.

A. that B. which C. where D. as

2. — Where did they fi nish the experiment?

— It was in the lab _______ was taken charge of by Prof. Smith.

A. where B. / C. which D. in which

3. Examination compositions, together with most business letters and government reports, are the main situations _______ formal language is used.

A. in which B. in that C. of which D. of that

4. Which fi lm is the one _______ main actor has won the Best Actor Prize in the fi lm festival?

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

5. In that country, November 30th is a national festival _______ everyone, men and women, old and young, sings and dances happily in the streets.

A. where B. when C. that D. as

6. This is John Brown, _______ I think has something interesting to tell you.

A. which B. whom C. that D. who

7. We climbed the Huangshan Mountain yesterday, _______, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.

A. where B. which C. that D. when

8. The famous football player, _______ a big party will be held tomorrow morning, is to arrive this afternoon.

A. in honour of him B. in his honour

C. in whose honour D. in which honour

9. _______ was reported in the newspaper, seventeen passengers had been killed in the traffi c accident.

A. It B. As C. What D. That

10. The owner paid the worker $10 for tidying the whole building, most of _______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

A. that B. what C. when D. which

11. He has made great contributions to the science of physics, _______ he was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize.

A. about which B. what

C. for which D. when

12. I don’t want to use the same tool _______ you used yesterday to repair the air conditioner.

A. it B. that C. one D. what

13. They were interested _______ you told them.

A. in which B. in that

C. all that D. in everything

14. Is that the reason _______ you are in favor of the proposal?

A. which B. what C. why D. for that

15. I have bought the same dress _______ she is wearing.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

Key:

1-5 CCACB 6-10 DBCBD 11-15 CBDCA

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