hamper: implies the encumbering or embarrassing effect of any impeding or restraining influence: ~ed the investigation by refusing to cooperate.


trammel: implies hindering by or as if by or confining within a net: rules that serve only to ~ the artist's creativity.  


clog: usually implies a slowing by something extraneous or encumbering: feels that free enterprise is ~ged by government regulation.


fetter: suggests a restraing so severe that freedom to move or progress is almost lost: a nation that is ~ed by an antiquated class system.


shackle, manacle: are stronger than fetter and suggest total loss of the power to move, progress, or act: a mind ~d by stubborn pride and prejudice; hatred can ~ the soul.
       (shackle和manacle都即表示手铐也表示脚镣)


hamper阻碍: 任何阻碍限制(impede,restrain)造成的妨碍难堪(encumber,embarrass)，trammel阻碍: 被网阻碍束缚(hinder,confine)，clog: 外部原因导致减速变慢，fetter: 阻碍到几乎无法行动前进，shackle, manacle: 程度更严重，完全丧失行动能力


记忆方法: 1) 首字母HTCFSM前4个从后往前读，后2个从前往后读: 非常痛恨什么<==阻碍束缚

               2) 阻碍的意思是阻碍运动前进行动mean to hinder or impede in moving, progressing, or acting.首字母HTCFSM前4个从后往前读，后2个从前往后读: 非常痛恨什么<==阻碍束缚