(1) 止疼
anodyne: may be applied to any agent used to relieve pain whether by dulling the perception of pain or by altering the situation and has a literary rather than a medical connotation: took a long, hard walk as an ~ for disappointment.  


analgesic: applies especially to a medical preparation used locally or systematically to dull the sensation of pain: used liniment as an ~ for stiff joints.       ( liniment擦剂,油膏,如红花油)


anesthetic: implies a medical agent that causes insensibilities to pain and other sensations either locally or generally: given an ~ by the dentist before her tooth was pulled.


anodyne镇痛剂: 泛指任何缓解疼痛，如降低痛感或改善状况，常比喻而不是真表示药，analgesic止疼药: 多表示降低痛感的药品，anesthetic麻醉剂: 使人完全感觉不到疼痛的药品(insensibility无感)


记忆方法: 1) 首字母AAA想象疼痛的声音<==止疼

               2) 止疼的意思是缓解或避免疼痛的东西mean something used to relieve or prevent pain.首字母AAA想象疼痛的声音<==止疼


(2) 忘忧
anodyne: usually suggests something that soothes or calms often by inducing forgetfulness or oblivion: the ~ of religious fervor.  （soothe使平静缓解: to calm, or lessen the pain or anger使平静或缓解疼痛愤怒，联想soft柔软，如soothing music舒缓音乐，cold tea is soothing for burns凉茶有助缓解烧伤） (fervor热忱，warm and steady emotions温暖持久的感情，如本例宗教热忱)


opiate: implies a substance that causes a dream state and a delusional happiness and suggests an indifference or false sense of security or well-being: price supports that are ~ for distressed industries.    (opiate鸦片制剂是用opium鸦片制作的药物 a drug that contains opium, used to reduce pain or help sleep能够镇痛安眠，如she had to take opiates to control the pain她不得不服用鸦片制剂来镇痛；还表示使人"忽视重要事情"的麻醉品慰藉物，如the opiate of mass entertainment起到麻痹作用的大众娱乐，或者说大众娱乐是精神鸦片，如it was Karl Marx who said, 'Religion is the opiate of the people'卡尔·马克思曾说"宗教是人民的精神鸦片")


narcotic: applies to something that literally or figuratively produces sleep, stupor or lulling drowsiness: beautiful music used as a ~ to escape from the pressures of work.      (lull: 让人想睡觉,如the soothing music lulls me into sleeping在舒缓音乐下睡着了, lullaby摇篮曲)  (drowsy强调深深困倦heavy languor：grew drowsy in the stuffy room闷热房子让人昏昏欲睡)    如a mild narcotic effect温和的催眠作用，还泛指鸦片海洛因等毒品，如he was indicted for dealing in narcotics他因从事毒品交易被起诉，如a narcotics agent缉毒警察


nepenthe: connotes something sweet and pleasurable that is substituted for something painful: the ~ of rest after a hard day's work.  (to substitute A for B用A代替B,如they were substituting violence for dialogue他们用暴力取代对话，例句是被动句但意思不变)


anodyne忘忧: 通过忘记来镇静缓解，opiate鸦片: 使人产生梦境、虚幻快乐、虚假幸福，narcotic催眠: 使人入睡恍惚或昏昏欲睡，nepenthe忘忧(草药): 用来代替痛苦的甜美东西


记忆方法: 1) 首字母A NON不存在的东西<==忘忧草

               2) 忘忧的意思是弱化感觉的东西mean something used to dull or deaden the senses or sensibilities.首字母A NON不存在的东西<==忘忧草