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4)下列短语后接不带to的不定式:can’t but(不能不), can’t help but(不能不), can do nothing but(没有办法只好), can’t choose but(不得不),had better(最好), would rather(宁愿), might(may) as well(还是……为好)。例如: I could do nothing but pretend that I didn’t know it.我没有办法,只好假装不知道此事。 另外,在but(除了), expect(除……外), save(除……外)等之前用了do,其后的不定式一般不带to;若用了别的动词,其后的不定式一般加to。如: They did nothing else except work.他们除了工作以外什么也不干。 The windows were never opened except to air the room for a few minutes in the morning.窗子除了在早晨打开给房子透透气之外,从来不开。 2.接不定式作宾语补足语的动词和动词短语 1)可以接不定式作宾语补足语(即"动词+宾语+不定式"结构)的动词很多。下列为常见的接带to的不定式作补足语的动词(带*的表示在1.中出现过的):advise, allow, ask*, bear*, beg*, cause, command, desire*, compel, encourage, expect*, forbid, force, get, help, hate*, instruct, intend, invite, leave, like*, mean*, need*, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, press, recommend, request, remind, teach, tell, tempt, trouble*, want, warn, wish*等。例如: Tell him not to wait any longer.告诉他别再等了。 2)feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at等动词用于"动词+宾语+不定式"结构中作宾语补足语时,必须省略不定式符号to。但在不定式作help的宾语补足语时,不定式的to可以省略,也可以不省略。例如: Mrs. Brown made me stay in New York for two more weeks.布朗太太留我在纽约多住了两周。 Did you notice anyone come in?你看到有人进屋了吗? 当这些动词用于被动语态时,后面的不定式就成了主语补足语。要注意的是,作主语补足语时不定式符号to不能省略。例如: They were made to work day and night.他们被迫日夜干活。 |
3.带逻辑主语的不定式 1)不定式的逻辑主语由"for+名词/代词"构成。该结构"for+名词/代词+不定式"可用来作主语、宾语、表语、状语等。例如: Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.专家说散步是保持身体健康的一种最佳方法。 2)在有些形容词之后的不定式的逻辑主语常用"of+名词/代词"结构。该结构"of+名词/代词+不定式"一般仅用于"It is +adj. +名词/代词+不定式"结构,而且it可以改为this或that。这类形容词有:good, kind, nice, foolish, polite, wise, clever, cruel, rude, clever, stupid, wrong, careless, brave, generous, thoughtful等。在这种结构中,形容词既表示性格特征,又表示行为特点。如果形容词仅修饰不定式,表示对名词或代词评价则用of,若是与名词或代词无关,则用for。试比较: It was nice of Xiao Wang to lend Xiao Zhang the book.小王真好,把书借给了小张。(既说明小王好,又说明小王借得对。) It was nice for Xiao Zhang to get the book.小张拿了书真好。(只表示小张拿了书对,不说明人的性格。) 4.不定式的完成式 动词不定式的完成式用于表达发生在位于动作之前的动作或状态,也可以表达预计在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作或状态。除此之外,不定式的完成式还常用于表达本该发生却没有发生的事。常带这种不定式的谓语动词有:pretend, intend, mean, appear, seem, should like, expect等。如: I should like to have gone with them.我本来想和他们一道去的。 5.不定式+介词 作定语或状语等用的不定式,常根据上下文的需要,后接介词。尤其在不定式是不及物动词时,需带介词,后不接宾语。如: She is easy to get on with.和她相处很容易。 不定式与介词连用,可以有另一种结构:介词+whom(which)+不定式。如: Mary needs a friend to play with.或:Mary needs a friend with whom to play.玛丽需要有一个朋友一起玩耍。转贴于 考试大 http://www.examda.com |